Hitler's Rise#2

Notes - Due 3/01 - Approx. 90 Minutes

• President Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934):

  • Old, in his 80s, and senile

  • Fires brunning,old chancerlor appoints von papen

  • Will sign anything you put in front of him

  •  figure within  the Weimar Constitution, 

  • increasingly influenced by conservative elements, particularly aristocratic army officers

  •  personal distrust of Hitler, still appointed him as Chancellor in 1933, 

    • this decision that played a pivotal role in the demise of democracy in Germany

• Oskar Hindenburg

  • Son of Paul von Hindenburg

• Chancelor Heinrich Brüning (1885-1970): 

  • Chancellor from 1930 to 1932, 

  • Time as chancellor marked by economic turmoil and political problems

  • Used Article 48 to govern by emergency decree, setting a precedent for authoritarian governance. 

  • failure to address the economic crisis and his aspirations to reform the constitution and restore the monarchy further destabilized the political landscape

  • Hunger chancellor

    • Caused hyper inflation

    • Stopped government spending

    • Printed money

    • Agreed to young plan 

    • Tax increases

• Chancelor Franz von Papen (1879-1969): 

  •  member of the extreme right wing of the Centre Party

  •  Papen's brief stint as Chancellor in 1932 was characterized by his inability to secure support in the Reichstag. 

  • His maneuvering to gain power led to the appointment of Hitler as Chancellor, illustrating the manipulation and instability within German politics at the time.

  • Cabinet of barons is his cabinet with no political experience

  • Nobel, aristocrat

• Kurt von Schleicher (1882-1934): 

  • aristocratic army figure, 

  •  significant role in orchestrating political events between 1930 and 1932.

  • Time as Chancellor was short-lived, marked by his failure to secure Reichstag support and subsequent dismissal.

  • Murdered by the Nazis in 1934 

  • Convinces president hindenburg to hire him and fire von papen

  • Von papen swears revenge

Hitler videos

• After putsch doenst work he does

  • Rebranding

    • Did a lot of photo shoots

    • Hitler wanted photos he didnt like destroyed

    • Photos of him trying different poses

  • New image sparks a new cult of personality

  • Chooses title of fuhrer 

• Hitlers speaking

  • He used a rythum to get the message accross

  • Still studied to this day

• Dark charisma of adolf hitler

  •  People thought he didnt think about hismseld and only the german people

  • People believed whatever he said

  • He said those germans that were raically pure were better then everyone else and people really believe him

Due: Wednesday, February 28, 2024 at 8:00 am

Read p112-115 here. Make notes on how influential Hitler himself was as a factor in his rise to power.

• What role did Hitler play in the rise of the Nazis?

• SOURCE 7.1 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf(My Struggle), 1925

  • Outlining how he goes about convincing people

  • Insinuates that the masses arent intelligent enough to really understand \what they are believing

  • That they are also often forgetful

• SOURCE 7.2 Otto Strasser, Hitler and I,

  • Hes enchanted with hitler

  • Almost seems sexual

• SOURCE 7.3 E.A. Buller, Darkness over Germany,

  • Tells us how crazy the crowds were

    • Eg 

      • Praising god that hitler understand

      • Being amazed by him

• Following putsch

  • Fuhrerprinzip gave Hitler supreme power over both policy and strategy.

  • Reorganized the party's strategy, structure, and symbols

  • Use weimer democracy to help themselves

  • Introduced the brown shirt for his SA storm troopers,

  • Adopted the outstretched right arm as a salute and 

  • Designed the Nazi flag with the swastika and striking yet traditional red, black and white colours.

Nazi Propaganda

• Why would these posters appeal to Weimar Germans?

  • Rapid social change

  • They would appeal to weimar germans because they

  • Nazi propaganda appealed to Weimar Germans amidst political instability, economic hardship, and ideological disillusionment by offering a potent narrative of national rejuvenation, scapegoating minorities for societal woes while promising a return to a glorified past, fostering a sense of belonging and hope in a time of uncertainty.

• Select 4 examples from SHP p124-125 and explain why each one appealed to people and was effective propaganda.

  • Source 7.25

    • Appeals to specifically the economic needs and hardships of the people, by promising them food and bread

  • Source 7.27

    • Scapegoats the marxist and the jewish people as the reasons for the economic and political failures in germany

  • Source 7.30

    • Again scapegoats the jewish people

• First, research and summarise the 1923 Munich Putsch in approx 200 words. Read these sources on the Munich Putsch and explain the ways in which the Putsch was a propaganda victory for Hitler & the Nazis? 

  • Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party planned the failed Munich Putsch in 1923, commonly referred to as the Beer Hall Putsch, in Munich, Germany. Hitler and his allies, who included World War I General Erich Ludendorff, invaded a beer hall on November 8–9, the day of a conference of government leaders. Their goal was to install a nationalist government in place of the Weimar Republic's government. But when the police got involved, the coup fell apart fast, leading to a gunfight that claimed the lives of four police officers and sixteen Nazis. Hitler escaped the scene, but he was eventually taken into custody and accused of treason. Hitler utilized the trial as a platform to spread his nationalist and anti-Semitic views across the country. He made passionate speeches that won over some sections of the populace to his cause. Even while the Munich Putsch eventually failed to achieve its immediate goal, it gave Hitler a lot of media attention and a platform to propagate Nazi ideas. Additionally, it exposed the shortcomings of the Weimar Republic, which aided in the public's decline in trust in the administration and helped set the stage for the eventual ascent to power of the Nazi Party.

  • It was a defeat, he went to jail, but hitler turned it into a trioumph 

  • Hitler defends himself at his trial

    • Says that weimar republic were the real traitors

    • Says hes the real patriot

  • What hitler got:

    • Hitler learns he has to outvote not outshoot

    • Looks like a patriotic proud german

    • Gets propaganda through the martyrs

• Watch and make notes on this screencast starting at 13 min 40 seconds to 26 min 25 seconds and add anything extra to your notes

  • Propaganda was tailored to different regions

    • Bread and work in working class

    • Messages about moral standards tailored to conservative/relgious areas

    • Anti semitic messages were targeted at small shopkeepers

  • Posters, leaflets, rallies and speeches

    • Focused on imagery and emotional appeal

  • Making people more sympathetic

  • Cult of adolf hitler

    • Hitler as the leader of a new germany

    • Authoritarian tradition of a strong firm leader

    • A lot of germans will vote for hitler on the platform of hitler and not the party

      • Not as set of policies but as a man to fix it

    • Hitler is much more popular then the party

      • Stuff that hitler did that was bad was blamed on party

    • This made Conservatives/not nazis more keen to vote for hitler

  • Propaganda reaches further then work and social, but to home, so nazi propaganda leaches all the way to women who were at the time working at home

• Explain in a detailed paragraph, how/why propaganda helped Hitler’s rise to power.

Noteworthy Examples of Nazi Propaganda

• Munich Putsch trial

• Nazi newspapers - Volkischer Beobachter, Der Angriff

• Hitler Over Germany 1932 election campaign 

• Nazi slogans & posters - work/bread, ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fuhrer

• SA & their uniforms

• Support of Hugenberg’s film empire

2. Then, research the following, ensure you have clear dates and definitions of the below terms:

Treaty of Rapallo

• The Treaty of Rapallo was an agreement signed on 16 April 1922 between the Weimar Republic and USSR under which both renounced all territorial and financial claims against each other and opened friendly diplomatic relations. 

Locarno Treaty

• There were seven Locarno treaties, formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, in return for normalizing relations with the Weimar Republic. 

Dawes Plan

• The German government was built entirely on loans. 

• After the Wall Street crash, the US demanded repayment, crippling the German economy. 

• After the Dawes plan failed 6 million Germans, a third of the workforce, were unemployed

Young Plan

• In the Young Plan of 1929, Germany’s reparations payment was reduced. The idea was that Germany would stop borrowing money and use its own economy to pay back reparations, so it became less dependent on foreign loans. It ended in a few months when Wall Street crashed. 

3. Economic Factors (Pt 2) - Great Depression

Answer the questions on this document.