Sternocleidomastoid hematoma

Also known as "sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy" or "congenital muscular torticollis," is a condition where a firm, non-tender mass forms in the sternocleidomastoid muscle of an infant. This hematoma can develop due to trauma during birth or abnormal positioning of the baby in the womb.

Key Points:

1. Cause:

- Birth Trauma: Difficult or assisted deliveries (e.g., forceps or vacuum extraction) can lead to muscle injury and hematoma formation.

- Intrauterine Positioning: Abnormal fetal positions or limited space in the womb may cause muscle strain.

2. Symptoms:

- Mass in the Neck: A firm, non-tender lump is typically noticed in the sternocleidomastoid muscle shortly after birth.

- Torticollis: The infant's head may tilt to one side with the chin pointing to the opposite side.

3. Diagnosis:

- Physical Examination: Identifying the characteristic mass and head tilt.

- Ultrasound: Used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the size and nature of the hematoma.

4. Treatment:

- Physical Therapy: Stretching exercises to improve muscle function and correct head position.

- Monitoring: Regular follow-ups to ensure the hematoma resolves and neck mobility improves.

- Surgical Intervention: Rarely needed, only if there is no improvement with conservative management.

Summary:

Sternocleidomastoid hematoma is a condition seen in infants, characterized by a firm mass in the neck muscle due to birth trauma or abnormal fetal positioning. It often leads to torticollis. Diagnosis is primarily through physical examination and ultrasound. Treatment typically involves physical therapy and monitoring, with surgery rarely required.