TEST ON BIO
ECOSYSTEM
Levels of Organization
Organism: A single living thing.
Population: All organisms of the same species in a specific area at the same time. Example: All rabbits in a forest.
Community: All populations in the same area at the same time (all living things). Example: Rabbits, deer, and birds in a forest.
Ecosystem: An Area where living and nonliving things interact. An Example: A forest with trees, animals, soil, and water.
Biosphere: Parts of Earth where life exists. Example: The entire planet where living things are found.
Abiotic Factors: Nonliving things in an ecosystem. Example: Water, sunlight, soil.
TYPES OF ORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS
Autotrophs (Producers): Organisms that make their food. Example: Green plants use sunlight.
Heterotrophs (Consumers): Organisms that feed on others. Example: A lion eating a zebra.
Herbivores: Plant-eaters. Example: A cow.
Carnivores: Meat-eaters. Example: A wolf.
Omnivores: Eat both plants and meat. Example: Bears.
Decomposers: Break down dead matter and enrich the soil. Example: Fungi breaking down fallen leaves.
FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS
Energy Flow: Energy moves through ecosystems from the Sun to producers, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Example: Sun ➔ Plant ➔ Rabbit ➔ Fox.
Competition: Organisms compete for the same resources. Example: Trees competing for sunlight.
Energy Loss: Energy is lost as heat at each level of the food web.
TROPHIC LEVELS IN AN ECOSYSTEM
Trophic Levels: Positions in a food web.
Producers: First trophic level (bottom).
Primary Consumers: Eat producers (herbivores).
Secondary Consumers: Eat primary consumers (carnivores).
Tertiary Consumers: Eat secondary consumers (top predators). Example: A hawk eating a snake, which ate a mouse.
Decomposers: Final trophic level.
As you move up levels, energy is lost.
CARRYING CAPACITY
Carrying Capacity: The Maximum number of organisms an area can support, limited by resources. Example: A pond can only support a certain number of fish based on food and oxygen.
Limiting Factors: Conditions that limit population growth. Example: Lack of water can limit plant growth.
BIODIVERSITY
Diversity of Life: A Large variety of species increases ecosystem stability.
Survival: More species mean a better chance of surviving environmental changes.
Genetic Material: Biodiversity can lead to valuable discoveries.
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Succession: Changes in ecosystems where one community modifies the environment for another. Example: After a forest fire, new plants grow, leading to a new community.
Disturbance: Can be caused by natural events like fires or landslides.
Stability Point: Ecosystem reaches stability over time, lasting for many years.
Levels of Organization
Organism: A single living thing.
Population: All organisms of the same species in a specific area at the same time. Example: All rabbits in a forest.
Community: All populations in the same area at the same time (all living things). Example: Rabbits, deer, and birds in a forest.
Ecosystem: An Area where living and nonliving things interact. Example: A forest with trees, animals, soil, and water.
Biosphere: Parts of Earth where life exists. Example: The entire planet where living things are found.
Abiotic Factors: Nonliving things in an ecosystem. Example: Water, sunlight, soil.
TYPES OF ORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS
Autotrophs (Producers): Organisms that make their food. Example: Green plants use sunlight.
Heterotrophs (Consumers): Organisms that feed on others. Example: A lion eating a zebra.
Herbivores: Plant-eaters. Example: A cow.
Carnivores: Meat-eaters. Example: A wolf.
Omnivores: Eat both plants and meat. Example: Bears.
Decomposers: Break down dead matter and enrich the soil. Example: Fungi breaking down fallen leaves.
FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS
Energy Flow: Energy moves through ecosystems from the Sun to producers, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Example: Sun ➔ Plant ➔ Rabbit ➔ Fox.
Competition: Organisms compete for the same resources. Example: Trees competing for sunlight.
Energy Loss: Energy is lost as heat at each level of the food web.
TROPHIC LEVELS IN AN ECOSYSTEM
Trophic Levels: Positions in a food web.
Producers: First trophic level (bottom).
Primary Consumers: Eat producers (herbivores).
Secondary Consumers: Eat primary consumers (carnivores).
Tertiary Consumers: Eat secondary consumers (top predators). Example: A hawk eating a snake, which ate a mouse.
Decomposers: Final trophic level.
As you move up levels, energy is lost.
CARRYING CAPACITY
Carrying Capacity: The Maximum number of organisms an area can support, limited by resources. Example: A pond can only support a certain number of fish based on food and oxygen.
Limiting Factors: Conditions that limit population growth. Example: Lack of water can limit plant growth.
BIODIVERSITY
Diversity of Life: A Large variety of species increases ecosystem stability.
Survival: More species mean a better chance of surviving environmental changes.
Genetic Material: Biodiversity can lead to valuable discoveries.
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Succession: Changes in ecosystems where one community modifies the environment for another. Example: After a forest fire, new plants grow, leading to a new community.
Disturbance: Can be caused by natural events like fires or landslides.
Stability Point: Ecosystem reaches
Levels of Organization
Organism: A single living thing.
Population: All organisms of the same species in a specific area at the same time. Example: All rabbits in a forest.
Community: All populations in the same area at the same time (all living things). Example: Rabbits, deer, and birds in a forest.
Ecosystem: An Area where living and nonliving things interact. Example: A forest with trees, animals, soil, and water.
Biosphere: Parts of Earth where life exists. Example: The entire planet where living things are found.
Abiotic Factors: Nonliving things in an ecosystem. Example: Water, sunlight, soil.
TYPES OF ORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS
Autotrophs (Producers): Organisms that make their food. Example: Green plants use sunlight.
Heterotrophs (Consumers): Organisms that feed on others. Example: A lion eating a zebra.
Herbivores: Plant-eaters. Example: A cow.
Carnivores: Meat-eaters. Example: A wolf.
Omnivores: Eat both plants and meat. Example: Bears.
Decomposers: Break down dead matter and enrich the soil. Example: Fungi breaking down fallen leaves.
FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS
Energy Flow: Energy moves through ecosystems from the Sun to producers, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Example: Sun ➔ Plant ➔ Rabbit ➔ Fox.
Competition: Organisms compete for the same resources. Example: Trees competing for sunlight.
Energy Loss: Energy is lost as heat at each level of the food web.
TROPHIC LEVELS IN AN ECOSYSTEM
Trophic Levels: Positions in a food web.
Producers: First trophic level (bottom).
Primary Consumers: Eat producers (herbivores).
Secondary Consumers: Eat primary consumers (carnivores).
Tertiary Consumers: Eat secondary consumers (top predators). Example: A hawk eating a snake, which ate a mouse.
Decomposers: Final trophic level.
As you move up levels, energy is lost.
CARRYING CAPACITY
Carrying Capacity: The Maximum number of organisms an area can support, limited by resources. Example: A pond can only support a certain number of fish based on food and oxygen.
Limiting Factors: Conditions that limit population growth. Example: Lack of water can limit plant growth.
BIODIVERSITY
Diversity of Life: A Large variety of species increases ecosystem stability.
Survival: More species mean a better chance of surviving environmental changes.
Genetic Material: Biodiversity can lead to valuable discoveries.
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Succession: Changes in ecosystems where one community modifies the environment for another. Example: After a forest fire, new plants grow, leading to a new community.
Disturbance: Can be caused by natural events like fires or landslides.
Stability Point: Ecosystem reaches