Spanish Translations test

Below is a ready-to-study flashcard deck.
Each card shows Term → Definition/Rule, and grammar cards include one full-sentence example (Spanish + English).

🍽 Vocabulary Flashcards

1. costilla de cordero → marinated lamb chop

2. ceviche de camarones → shrimp ceviche

3. pollo relleno (de almendras y verduras) → stuffed chicken (with almonds & vegetables)

4. bistec asado → grilled steak

5. pechuga de pavo → turkey breast (often with a fruit sauce)

6. salmón ahumado → smoked salmon

7. pescado frito → fried fish

8. a la plancha / a la parrilla → grilled, cooked on a griddle / grill

9. al vapor → steamed

10. bien cocido/a → well-done (meat)

11. tres cuartos → medium-well (meat)

12. poco cocido/a → rare (meat)

13. el ají / los ajíes → chili pepper

14. el choclo → corn (Andes)

15. la cereza → cherry

16. el damasco → apricot

17. la espinaca → spinach

18. el repollo → cabbage

19. el frijol → bean

20. el garbanzo → chick-pea

21. la lenteja → lentil

22. el orégano → oregano

23. el perejil → parsley

24. la almendra → almond

25. la nuez / las nueces → walnut / nuts

26. el maní / los maníes → peanut(s)

27. los bocadillos → snacks / finger food

28. el anfitrión / la anfitriona → host / hostess

29. el sistema de audio → sound system

30. los parlantes → speakers

31. batir → to beat / whisk

32. asar → to roast / grill

33. cocer (ue) → to cook / boil

34. hervir (ie) → to boil

35. hornear → to bake

36. mezclar → to mix

37. pelar → to peel

38. picar → to chop / dice

39. revolver → to stir

40. enfriar → to chill / cool

41. el condimento → seasoning / condiment

42. picante → spicy, hot

43. agrio/a → sour

44. sabroso/a → tasty, flavorful

45. podrido/a → spoiled, rotten

46. verde → unripe (in food context)

47. bien / mal → well / badly (adverbs); their comparative forms are mejor / peor

🛠 Grammar Flashcards

47. Comparative of Inequality → más … que, menos … que compare qualities, quantities, or actions.
      Ej. «El ceviche es más fresco que el bistec.»
      The ceviche is fresher than the steak.

48. Irregular Comparatives → bueno → mejor, malo → peor, joven → menor, viejo → mayor.
      Ej. «Este mercado es peor que el otro.»
      This market is worse than the other one.

49. Comparative of Equality (qualities) → tan + adj./adv. + como.
      Ej. «Los damascos están tan dulces como las cerezas.»
      The apricots are as sweet as the cherries.

50. Comparative of Equality (quantity) → tanto/a/os/as … como agrees with the noun.
      Ej. «Necesito tantos damascos como duraznos.»
      I need as many apricots as peaches.

51. Equality of Actions → tanto como after a verb.
      Ej. «No cocino tanto como ella.»
      I don’t cook as much as she does.

52. Superlative (relative) → el/la/los/las + más/menos + adj./adv. + de.
      Ej. «Este es el plato más picante de la carta.»
      This is the spiciest dish on the menu.

53. Superlative (absolute) → add -ísimo/a/os/as to an adjective/adverb.
      Ej. «Esos jalapeños son picantísimos.»
      Those jalapeños are extremely spicy.

54. Passive Voice with ser → ser + past participle (agrees in gender/number) + por (optional agent).
      Tense examples
      • Presente: «La carne es asada por el chef.» – The meat is roasted by the chef.
      • Pretérito: «La carne fue asada ayer.» – The meat was roasted yesterday.
      • Futuro: «La carne será asada mañana.» – The meat will be roasted tomorrow.

55. Passive Voice with se → se + third-person verb (no agent).
      Ej. «Se sirvió el desayuno a las nueve.»
      Breakfast was served at nine.

56. Estar + Participio Pasado → describes a resulting state; participle acts as adjective.
      Ej. «La cena está servida.» – Dinner is served.

57. Forming the Past Participle → -ar → -ado; -er/-ir → -ido. Irregulars: abierto, dicho, escrito, hecho, muerto, puesto, roto, visto, vuelto, etc.

58. Present Subjunctive → main clause in present/future + que + new subject; endings change (-e/-es/-e/-emos/-éis/-en or -a/-as etc.).
      Ej. «Sugiero que sirvas unas almendras.»
      I suggest you serve some almonds.

59. Imperfect Subjunctive → start from ellos preterite, drop -on, add -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -an; used after a past or conditional main verb.
      Ej. «Mi madre quería que cocinaras bien.»
      My mom wanted you to cook well.

📝 Cheat-sheet for the Subjunctive Endings

(Use either the –ra or –se series; –ra is far more common.)

Study these cards repeatedly to lock in both key food vocabulary and the grammar structures that will let you discuss cooking, compare dishes, and handle complex sentence patterns with confidence. ¡Éxitos!

Here are your notes turned into organized Spanish grammar flashcards. These are separated by topic and formatted for easy study.

📘 Comparisons - Indicative

Q: How do you form comparisons of qualities using adjectives or adverbs?
A: (más / menos / tan) + (adjective/adverb) + que / como

Q: How do you form comparisons of quantities?
A: (más / menos / tanto/a/os/as) + (noun) + que / como

Q: What verb forms go with indicative comparisons?
A: Present tense:

• ar → a / as / an

• er/ir → e / es / en

📙 Comparisons - Subjunctive

Q: What verb endings go with subjunctive comparisons?
A:

• ar verbs → e / es / en / emos

• er/ir verbs → a / as / an / amos

📗 Superlatives

Q: How do you form a superlative in Spanish?
A: (el/la/los/las) + más / menos + (adjective/adverb) + de

Q: How do you form the imperfect subjunctive for superlative expressions?
A:

1. Take the ellos form of the preterite

2. Drop the "-ron"

3. Add: -ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos, -ran

📕 Extreme Adjectives (e.g., "very" or "-ísimo")

Q: How do you express extreme adjectives using -ísimo/a(s)?
A:

1. Drop the final vowel of the adjective

2. Add -ísimo / -ísima / -ísimos / -ísimas

📔 Past Participles

Q: How do you form the past participle in Spanish?
A:

1. Start with the infinitive

2. Remove:

   • -ar → add -ado

   • -er / -ir → add -ido

📒 Passive Voice

Q: How is passive voice formed in Spanish?
A: A form of ser or estar + the past participle of the verb

📓 "Se" Constructions

Q: What are some uses of "se" in Spanish?
A:

• Passive se: Se vende, se habla, etc.

• Accidental se:

  • Structure: (me/te/le/nos/les) + verb in preterite él/ellos form + object/item

  • Example: Se me olvidó el libro.

📘 Using Imperfect Subjunctive

Q: When do you use the imperfect subjunctive?
A:

• After verbs in the preterite, imperfect, or conditional

• When the dependent clause verb refers to something nonexistent or indefinite

Q: How do you form the imperfect subjunctive?
A:

1. Take ellos form of preterite

2. Drop -ron

3. Add: -ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos, -ran

📙 Relative Pronouns with Subjunctive

Q: When do you use the subjunctive after "que"?
A:

• If the antecedent is non-specific, unknown, or nonexistent

• Use subjunctive after "que" in this case

Q: When do you use the indicative after "que"?
A:

• If the antecedent is specific and exists, use indicative