need to knows
Marbury v. MadisonConcept: Judicial Review
Significance:Foundation of the Supreme Court's power.
Check and balance power: ability to rule a law unconstitutional.
McCulloch v. MarylandClause: Necessary and Proper Clause (Implied Powers)
Concept: National Supremacy in Federalism
Significance: Established that the federal government has implied powers beyond those explicitly listed in the Constitution.
Baker v. CarrAmendment: 14th Amendment
Clause: Equal Protection Clause
Concepts:Reapportionment
Redistricting
"One man, one vote"
Significance: Opened the door to federal court review of redistricting issues, ensuring equal representation.
Tinker v. Des MoinesAmendment: 1st Amendment
Clause: Free Speech
Significance: Established that students' armbands are protected as a form of free speech if they do not cause a substantial disturbance in schools.
New York Times v. USAmendment: 1st Amendment
Clause: Free Press
Concept: Prior Restraint
Significance: Prior restraint (government censorship of the press) is unconstitutional unless it violates national security.
Shaw v. RenoCase: North Carolina
Amendment: 14th Amendment
Clause: Equal Protection Clause
Concept: Racial Gerrymandering
Significance: Racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional, even if intended to help a specific group. Districts cannot be drawn solely based on race.
Amendment 1:
Guarantees and protects the rights to free speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion, and freedom to petition the government.
Amendment 2:
Protects the right of individuals to keep and bear arms, maintaining a well-regulated militia.
Amendment 3:
Guarantees that citizens are not required to quarter soldiers in their homes.
Amendment 4:
Protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizure. Requires a warrant based on probable cause.
Amendment 5:
Protects the rights of persons accused of a crime, including protection against self-incrimination (pleading the Fifth) and double jeopardy. Guarantees due process of law.
Amendment 6:
Guarantees the rights of a criminal defendant, including the right to a speedy and public trial, the right to counsel, and the right to confront witnesses.
Amendment 7:
Guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases involving more than .
Amendment 8:
Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.
Amendment 9:
Rights not specifically said in constitution are retained to the people
10th
13 abolished slavery
14 equal protection, citizenship (born)
15 black men now have right to vote (black men)
17 directly elect senators
19 women get right to vote
22 president 2 terms
24 banned poll tax
26 lowered age to 18 to vote
Federalist 10:
Large republic better to minimize the power of factions
Federalist 51:
Implication of checks and balances so one fed branch isnt stronger than other
federalist 70:
A strong executive unitary, (a president over a council)
Federalist 78:
Judicial review by judges serving for life on good behavior.
Brutus 1:
Against ratification of the constitution