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Noah Hart - Reformation 9.1

FMW 9.1 Terms and Questions (23 points)

Luther Leads the Reformation

Make a copy and Share your work when complete

Vocab -- complete each term using a complete sentence or idea

  1. Martin Luther - a German monk who lived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. He was a professor at the University of Wittenberg, and after this, was the central figure of the Prodestant Reformation
  2. Indulgence - An indulgence was a form of heavenly exchange. If you paid money to the Church, you would be spared some of the punishments imposed by a priest or other clergy member in Purgatory, a processing area for those getting into heaven. These indulgences could apply to yourself or your loved ones.
  3. Reformation - a change in something, but keeping the same fundamental things that make up it’s identity. This happened to Christianity, in the form of the Prodestant Reformation. This schism formed multiple branches of Christianity who all believed in the same fundamental truths, (the belief and reverence of God and Jesus Christ, His son), but differing on details, whether they be small or large.

  1. Excommunicate - a condemnation of a person or group of people from the Catholic Church, which is authorized by the upper members of the clergy, such as archbishops or the Pope himself.
  2. Lutheran - A member of the offshoot Church created by Luther and his followers. These people were apart of this faction for a variety of reasons, from legitimate belief in Luther’s ideas, or a seeking of more political power.
  3. Protestant - Originally, this word was applied to a group of German princes in the Holy Roman Empire who sided with Lutherans and opposed the Holy Roman Emperor and the Catholic Church. As Lutherans split into more and more factions, Protestant became an umbrella term for those who opposed the Catholic Church or Eastern Orthodoxy.

  1. Peace of Augsburg - A revolutionary agreement that occured in the city of Augsburg. Here, Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, called all of the princes under him to come to Augsburg to end the religious conflicts. There, they agreed that the ruler of each province could decide which branch of Christianity they would adhere to.
  2. Henry VIII - King of England from 1509 to 1547. He was known as the king who split England’s religious sect from Catholicism to Anglicanism. His motivation was one of his legacy. His current wife, Catherine of Aragon, had not provided the king a son, so Henry wanted to divorce her. He tried to get permission from the Pope, but the Papacy denies his petition for marital separation, so Henry decided to authorize the divorce himself by turning himself into a kind of Pope, splitting from the Catholic Church and putting himself and all future monarchs in the head of the Anglican Church.
  3. Annul - to reverse, cancel, or nullify an action, especially a legal one, such as a marriage.
  4. Elizabeth I - The English Monarch during part of the 16th century and a very prominent figure in both English and Christian History. She made the Anglican Church a moderate one, incorporating traditions and ideas from both Prodestant and Catholic Churches.
  5. Anglican - Something associated with the Church of England, such as a member or a on tradition

QUESTIONS ARE ON PAGE 2

Questions

  1. What practices of the Catholic Church in the 1500s might have disturbed ordinary churchgoers? Indulgences were sold as funds for works of art and St. Peter’s Basilica. Churchgoers may have also observed the corruption of the clergy and were disturbed.
  2. What were the main points of Luther’s teachings? Luther taught that faith, not payment or other means, were the only way to attain the gift of salvation. He also taught that the Bible, not the clergy, was the source of divine authority, and that Holy Communion and Baptism were the only tow sacraments that were important to Christians
  3. Explain why did Luther’s ideas appeal to many northern German princes?

Protestantism was appealing to the German princes for a myriad of political reasons. First, they were no longer beholden to the Catholic Church, which, at the time, was as much a political power as a religious power, and they also did not have to pay tithes, which were basically extreme taxes that dragged the economy down, and they could take the land of the Church for themselves. The break from the Catholic Church also meant a break from the Catholic Holy Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Emperor.

  1. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation? First, the little social movement called the Renaissance was taking place, and as part of the Renaissance, humanism became a core tenant in society. Because of this “rebirth”, more emphasis was placed on humans and their achievements. This, along with the movements of skepticism, secularism, and individualism, people began to focus on themselves and developed the opinion that they should be able to have opinions, including those doubting the Catholic Church and its practices.
  2. From where did the term Protestantism originate? The word originated as a label for German princes who protested the Holy Roman Emperor, but expanded to those not part of the 2 mainline Churches at the time.
  3. What impact did Henry VIII’s actions have on England in the second half of the 1500s? Explain. Henry’s actions forever changed the course of English history. By splitting from the Catholic Church, Henry created a permanent religious divide in both England and in Europe. The Church of England and the English government actively opposed Catholics, along with a significant portion of the population. This came to a head when the Catholic was ousted and replaced by William III, and cemented Parliamentary power in what was known as the Glorious Revolution. This led to the eventual rise of democracy, which had an immense influence on the world.
  4. Describe how Elizabeth I was able to bring a level of religious peace to England. - Elizabeth made a tensious peace by appealing to moderates on both sides of the revolution. She incorporated important tenets of Catholicism, such as ritual and uniforms for clergy, while appealing to Protestants by allowing for priests to get married and having herself as the supreme leader, not the Pope.
  5. Do you think Luther or Henry VIII had a better reason to break with the Church? Provide details to support your answer. - I think Luther had better reasons because his was based in logic and Biblical reasoning, and not for personal or political reasons. Afterall, he was a theology professor, and had been a faithful Christian for many years. Because of his scholarly life, he also knew how to read the Bible, and could interpret it for himself. Finally, his motivation was to please God and to not sin by participating in corruption, while Henry only cared about his legacy and his pursuit of Anne Boleyn.
  6. How did the Catholic Church respond to Luther’s teachings? Explain your answer. The Catholic Church first tried excommunicating Luther, but it didn’t do anything, so instead, they decided to reform from within by holding the Council of Trent. There, they clearly and permanently settled the beliefs of the Catholic Church. They stated the Bible and Church had equal spiritual power, and therefore, their say on the Bible was final. They also went even harder in their practices of art and getting others to convert with the foundation of the Jesuit order. Finally, they banned the sale of indulgences, which may have gone a long way in showing the people that the Church was reforming. They did this to clean up their image and to solidify their identity, which would all help in countering Protestantism.
NH

Noah Hart - Reformation 9.1

FMW 9.1 Terms and Questions (23 points)

Luther Leads the Reformation

Make a copy and Share your work when complete

Vocab -- complete each term using a complete sentence or idea

  1. Martin Luther - a German monk who lived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. He was a professor at the University of Wittenberg, and after this, was the central figure of the Prodestant Reformation
  2. Indulgence - An indulgence was a form of heavenly exchange. If you paid money to the Church, you would be spared some of the punishments imposed by a priest or other clergy member in Purgatory, a processing area for those getting into heaven. These indulgences could apply to yourself or your loved ones.
  3. Reformation - a change in something, but keeping the same fundamental things that make up it’s identity. This happened to Christianity, in the form of the Prodestant Reformation. This schism formed multiple branches of Christianity who all believed in the same fundamental truths, (the belief and reverence of God and Jesus Christ, His son), but differing on details, whether they be small or large.

  1. Excommunicate - a condemnation of a person or group of people from the Catholic Church, which is authorized by the upper members of the clergy, such as archbishops or the Pope himself.
  2. Lutheran - A member of the offshoot Church created by Luther and his followers. These people were apart of this faction for a variety of reasons, from legitimate belief in Luther’s ideas, or a seeking of more political power.
  3. Protestant - Originally, this word was applied to a group of German princes in the Holy Roman Empire who sided with Lutherans and opposed the Holy Roman Emperor and the Catholic Church. As Lutherans split into more and more factions, Protestant became an umbrella term for those who opposed the Catholic Church or Eastern Orthodoxy.

  1. Peace of Augsburg - A revolutionary agreement that occured in the city of Augsburg. Here, Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, called all of the princes under him to come to Augsburg to end the religious conflicts. There, they agreed that the ruler of each province could decide which branch of Christianity they would adhere to.
  2. Henry VIII - King of England from 1509 to 1547. He was known as the king who split England’s religious sect from Catholicism to Anglicanism. His motivation was one of his legacy. His current wife, Catherine of Aragon, had not provided the king a son, so Henry wanted to divorce her. He tried to get permission from the Pope, but the Papacy denies his petition for marital separation, so Henry decided to authorize the divorce himself by turning himself into a kind of Pope, splitting from the Catholic Church and putting himself and all future monarchs in the head of the Anglican Church.
  3. Annul - to reverse, cancel, or nullify an action, especially a legal one, such as a marriage.
  4. Elizabeth I - The English Monarch during part of the 16th century and a very prominent figure in both English and Christian History. She made the Anglican Church a moderate one, incorporating traditions and ideas from both Prodestant and Catholic Churches.
  5. Anglican - Something associated with the Church of England, such as a member or a on tradition

QUESTIONS ARE ON PAGE 2

Questions

  1. What practices of the Catholic Church in the 1500s might have disturbed ordinary churchgoers? Indulgences were sold as funds for works of art and St. Peter’s Basilica. Churchgoers may have also observed the corruption of the clergy and were disturbed.
  2. What were the main points of Luther’s teachings? Luther taught that faith, not payment or other means, were the only way to attain the gift of salvation. He also taught that the Bible, not the clergy, was the source of divine authority, and that Holy Communion and Baptism were the only tow sacraments that were important to Christians
  3. Explain why did Luther’s ideas appeal to many northern German princes?

Protestantism was appealing to the German princes for a myriad of political reasons. First, they were no longer beholden to the Catholic Church, which, at the time, was as much a political power as a religious power, and they also did not have to pay tithes, which were basically extreme taxes that dragged the economy down, and they could take the land of the Church for themselves. The break from the Catholic Church also meant a break from the Catholic Holy Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Emperor.

  1. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation? First, the little social movement called the Renaissance was taking place, and as part of the Renaissance, humanism became a core tenant in society. Because of this “rebirth”, more emphasis was placed on humans and their achievements. This, along with the movements of skepticism, secularism, and individualism, people began to focus on themselves and developed the opinion that they should be able to have opinions, including those doubting the Catholic Church and its practices.
  2. From where did the term Protestantism originate? The word originated as a label for German princes who protested the Holy Roman Emperor, but expanded to those not part of the 2 mainline Churches at the time.
  3. What impact did Henry VIII’s actions have on England in the second half of the 1500s? Explain. Henry’s actions forever changed the course of English history. By splitting from the Catholic Church, Henry created a permanent religious divide in both England and in Europe. The Church of England and the English government actively opposed Catholics, along with a significant portion of the population. This came to a head when the Catholic was ousted and replaced by William III, and cemented Parliamentary power in what was known as the Glorious Revolution. This led to the eventual rise of democracy, which had an immense influence on the world.
  4. Describe how Elizabeth I was able to bring a level of religious peace to England. - Elizabeth made a tensious peace by appealing to moderates on both sides of the revolution. She incorporated important tenets of Catholicism, such as ritual and uniforms for clergy, while appealing to Protestants by allowing for priests to get married and having herself as the supreme leader, not the Pope.
  5. Do you think Luther or Henry VIII had a better reason to break with the Church? Provide details to support your answer. - I think Luther had better reasons because his was based in logic and Biblical reasoning, and not for personal or political reasons. Afterall, he was a theology professor, and had been a faithful Christian for many years. Because of his scholarly life, he also knew how to read the Bible, and could interpret it for himself. Finally, his motivation was to please God and to not sin by participating in corruption, while Henry only cared about his legacy and his pursuit of Anne Boleyn.
  6. How did the Catholic Church respond to Luther’s teachings? Explain your answer. The Catholic Church first tried excommunicating Luther, but it didn’t do anything, so instead, they decided to reform from within by holding the Council of Trent. There, they clearly and permanently settled the beliefs of the Catholic Church. They stated the Bible and Church had equal spiritual power, and therefore, their say on the Bible was final. They also went even harder in their practices of art and getting others to convert with the foundation of the Jesuit order. Finally, they banned the sale of indulgences, which may have gone a long way in showing the people that the Church was reforming. They did this to clean up their image and to solidify their identity, which would all help in countering Protestantism.