Clean Air Act 

Clean Air Act 

Key Background Details

- Dates: 

  - Original Act passed in 1970; significant amendments in 1990.

- People: 

  Senator Edmund Muskie (sponsor of the 1970 amendments), 

  President Richard Nixon (supported the 1970 amendments).

- Policies/Events: 

  - The 1960s saw growing public concern over air pollution due to industrial expansion and urbanization, leading to events like the 1963 release of "Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson

Three Streams Model

- Problem Definition: 

  - Air pollution as a public health crisis; visible smog and respiratory issues raised awareness.

- Policy Makers: 

  - Elected officials, particularly those focused on environmental issues; bipartisan support in 1970 due to public demand.

- Political Context: 

  - Environmental activism surged in the late 1960s; the first Earth Day in 1970 galvanized public opinion and political action.

Defining Causal Story

- Victims: 

  - Urban populations suffering from respiratory diseases; children and the elderly were particularly affected.

- Villains: 

  - Industrial polluters and lack of regulatory oversight were blamed for worsening air quality.

- Impact on Case: 

  - The narrative of pollution harming public health led to a strong push for regulatory action.

Roles of Actors

- Legislators: 

  - Passed and amended the Act, responding to constituents’ concerns and advocacy efforts.

- Bureaucracies: 

  - The EPA was established to enforce standards and regulate emissions.

- Judiciary: 

  - Courts have adjudicated cases involving enforcement and compliance with air quality standards.

- Advocacy Organizations: 

  - Groups like the Sierra Club lobbied for stronger regulations and public awareness.

- Media: 

  - Coverage of air pollution events helped raise awareness and pressure lawmakers.

- Scientists/Experts: