Study for Gov

Delegated Powers – Powers granted to the national government (expressed, implied, inherent).

Expressed Powers – Specifically listed in the Constitution (e.g., coin money, declare war, tax).

Nickname for Expressed Powers – Enumerated powers.

Implied Powers – Not listed but necessary to carry out expressed powers (Necessary & Proper Clause / Elastic Clause).

Nickname for Implied Powers – Elastic powers.

Inherent Powers – Powers held by the government simply because it is sovereign (e.g., immigration control).

Concurrent Powers – Shared by national & state governments (e.g., taxing, law enforcement).

10th Amendment – “Powers not delegated to the U.S. are reserved to the states or the people.”

Supremacy Clause – Federal law is the supreme law of the land (McCulloch v. Maryland).

Republican Form of Government – Required by Article IV, Section 4 for representation.

Keeping Peace in States – Ensures order & protection from threats.

Respect for Territorial Integrity – Federal gov must recognize state boundaries.

Enabling Act – Allows a U.S. territory to draft a state constitution.

Act of Admission – Law that officially makes a territory a state.

Grants-in-Aid – Federal funds for state programs/projects.

Project Grants – Competitive grants for specific purposes (e.g., research, public health).

State Aid to National Gov – Conduct elections, process naturalization, assist law enforcement.

Interstate Compacts – Agreements between states (e.g., Parolee Supervision, Juvenile Compact).

Full Faith & Credit Clause – States must recognize laws/records of other states.

Exceptions to Full Faith & Credit – Criminal cases & certain out-of-state divorces.

Williams v. North Carolina – States can reject out-of-state divorces if residency isn’t established.

Extradition – Returning a criminal to the state where the crime occurred.

Privileges & Immunities Clause – States can’t unreasonably discriminate against residents of other states.

Legal Discrimination by States – Higher out-of-state tuition, residency requirements for benefits.

Necessary & Proper Clause – Allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out expressed powers (McCulloch v. Maryland).