Period 5 flashcards
Flashcard #1
Term: What is Manifest Destiny?
Definition: The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.
Flashcard #2
Term: What was the Conflict over Texas?
Definition: A dispute stemming from Texas' annexation, leading to tensions between the United States and Mexico.
Flashcard #3
Term: Who was Sam Houston?
Definition: The first president of the Republic of Texas and a key military leader during the Texas Revolution.
Flashcard #4
Term: What was the Alamo?
Definition: A pivotal event in the Texas Revolution where Texas defenders were besieged by Mexican troops.
Flashcard #5
Term: Who was John Tyler?
Definition: The 10th President of the United States who supported the annexation of Texas.
Flashcard #6
Term: What was significant about the Election of 1844?
Definition: A significant election where James K. Polk won largely on the issue of westward expansion.
Flashcard #7
Term: Who was James Polk?
Definition: The 11th President of the United States, known for his expansionist policies.
Flashcard #8
Term: What led to the Conflict with Mexico over borders?
Definition: Disputes over the southern border of Texas leading to the Mexican-American War.
Flashcard #9
Term: Who was Winfield Scott?
Definition: A general in the Mexican-American War who led the successful campaign to capture Mexico City.
Flashcard #10
Term: What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Definition: The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War and resulted in significant territorial gains for the U.S.
Flashcard #11
Term: What is the Mexican Cession?
Definition: The 1848 land grant from Mexico to the United States including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico.
Flashcard #12
Term: What was the Wilmot Proviso?
Definition: An unsuccessful proposal to ban slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico.
Flashcard #13
Term: What does 'To Overspread the Continent' refer to?
Definition: A phrase often associated with Manifest Destiny emphasizing the belief in continental expansion.
Flashcard #14
Term: What were Lincoln’s Spot Resolutions?
Definition: Arguments made by Abraham Lincoln questioning President Polk's justification for the Mexican-American War.
Flashcard #15
Term: What is the Gettysburg Address?
Definition: A speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that emphasized national unity and the principles of human equality.
Flashcard #16
Term: What was the Letter to Horace Greeley about?
Definition: A letter from Lincoln in 1862 asserting that his primary goal was the preservation of the Union, not the emancipation of slaves.
Flashcard #17
Term: What did Lincoln address in his 1st and 2nd Inaugural Addresses?
Definition: Speeches by Lincoln outlining his vision for the Union and addressing slavery.
Flashcard #18
Term: What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Definition: The 1863 executive order by Lincoln freeing slaves in Confederate-held territory.
Flashcard #19
Term: What was the Free Soil Party?
Definition: A political party that emerged in the 1840s opposing the extension of slavery into the western territories.
Flashcard #20
Term: What was the Compromise of 1850?
Definition: A package of five bills passed by Congress to ease tensions between slave and free states.
Flashcard #21
Term: What was Calhoun's defense of slavery?
Definition: John C. Calhoun's arguments supporting the institution of slavery as a positive good.
Flashcard #22
Term: What was the Fugitive Slave Act?
Definition: Laws that provided for the seizure and return of runaway slaves and imposed penalties on anyone who aided in their escape.
Flashcard #23
Term: What was the Underground Railroad?
Definition: A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape to free states.
Flashcard #24
Term: What is popular sovereignty?
Definition: The principle that allowed settlers in a territory to decide on the legality of slavery.
Flashcard #25
Term: What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Definition: The 1854 act that created two territories and allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery's legality.
Flashcard #26
Term: Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe and what is Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Definition: A novel by Stowe that depicted the harsh realities of slavery and fueled anti-slavery sentiments.
Flashcard #27
Term: What does Bleeding Kansas refer to?
Definition: A series of violent political confrontations in the Kansas territory between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions.
Flashcard #28
Term: What was the Caning of Senator Sumner?
Definition: An incident in 1856 where Senator Charles Sumner was violently assaulted for his anti-slavery speech.
Flashcard #29
Term: What is the Republican Party?
Definition: A political party founded in the 1850s to oppose the expansion of slavery.
Flashcard #30
Term: What was the Dred Scott Decision?
Definition: An 1857 Supreme Court ruling stating that African Americans were not citizens and had no right to sue.
Flashcard #31
Term: What is the House-divided speech?
Definition: A speech by Lincoln asserting that the nation cannot endure half slave and half free.
Flashcard #32
Term: What were the Lincoln-Stephen Douglas Debates?
Definition: A series of debates in 1858 focusing on the issues of slavery and state rights.
Flashcard #33
Term: What was Special Field Order 15?
Definition: An order issued by General Sherman during the Civil War to redistribute land to freed slaves.
Flashcard #34
Term: What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
Definition: A federal agency established in 1865 to aid freed slaves in the South.
Flashcard #35
Term: What were Sharecropping and Crop lien systems?
Definition: Agricultural systems post-Civil War that often exploited African American laborers.
Flashcard #36
Term: What were Black Codes?
Definition: Laws passed in the South after the Civil War to restrict the rights of freed slaves.
Flashcard #37
Term: What was the Civil Rights Bill of 1866?
Definition: Legislation aimed at protecting the civil rights of African Americans.
Flashcard #38
Term: What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?
Definition: The 1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.
Flashcard #39
Term: What does the 14th Amendment state?
Definition: The 1868 amendment granting citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.
Flashcard #40
Term: What was the Reconstruction Act?
Definition: Laws passed in 1867 to rebuild the South and provide for African American civil rights.
Flashcard #41
Term: What was the Tenure of Office Act?
Definition: An 1867 law restricting the president's power to remove certain officeholders without Senate approval.
Flashcard #42
Term: What does the 15th Amendment prohibit?
Definition: The 1870 amendment that prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race.
Flashcard #43
Term: What are carpetbaggers and scalawags?
Definition: Terms used to describe Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction and Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.
Flashcard #44
Term: What is the Ku Klux Klan?
Definition: A secretive organization formed in the South during Reconstruction that used terror to oppose African American civil rights.
Flashcard #45
Term: Who were the Redeemers?
Definition: Southern Democrats who aimed to regain control and reverse Reconstruction policies.
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Flashcard #46
Term: What was the Bargain of 1877?
Definition: The compromise that resolved the disputed 1876 election and effectively ended Reconstruction.
Flashcard #47
Term: What was the relationship between Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln?
Definition: An evolving friendship where Frederick Douglass advocated for African American rights and Lincoln sought to navigate the issues of emancipation and union.