History of Latin America Flash Cards
Post-World War II Populism:
Populism: leadership style that focuses on being pop. with the middle class (voting increased due to increase in women’s rights)
Leaders: kept power away from the old coalition
US didn’tlike Populism: wanted to return to LA focusing on being low wage producers of raw materials.
Peronism in Argentina:
Richest most industrialized, urban, and literate LA nation at this time
Juan Peron, whom Peronism is named after, a nationalist army officer who, to the dismay of elite, elected president in 1946-55
Instilled national pride by ending foreign ownership
Brazil built a new Capital City at Basilia:
Brasilia was built with an ultramodern design in the middle of the country
Wanted to move away from neocolonialism
Institutional Revolutionary Party:
PRI:
Held the presidency and most power in Mexico continuously
Onset of the Cold War in LA:
US was booming in prosperity but most of those things weren’t available to LA
US wanted LA to keep supplying bananas, coffee, and other raw materials
US wanted LA to keep supplying bananas, coffee, and other raw materials
U.S Cold War:
US was scared of communism spreading to “their backyard”
U.S Involvement with Coup in Guatemala:
Jacobo Arbenz: Started to confiscate large estates from foreign coffee plantation owners to give land to the peasant cultivators
U.S had a proxy force of CIA trained conservative Guatemalan generals invaded from Honduras
prevent a gov. sympathetic to communism in the Western Hemisphere'
Cuban Revolution:
LA nationalists increasingly adopted a Marxist view
Che:
Argentine medical student
saw that LA poverty was caused by capitalist imperialists and wanted people to rise up
Fidel and Raul Castron, and Che made an army with 79 others
After this event they started to build a guerilla force to try and overthrow Batista
Batista Ruling:
U.S backed leader and was strong supporter of the U.S
Worked to incorporate the Anticommunism in the Organization of American States
dictatorial, unpopular, and cruel to his opponents
scared since he lost lots of support from the US so he fled from Cuba
Fidel Castro in Power in Cuba:
Executed hundreds of pro-Batista Cubans
Didn’t try to unite the country from the two sides, instead he chose revenge
Him and the revolution were very popular support, since he began land redistribution, kicked out the U.S mafia and foreign companies, and established free health care, and had improved education for all Cubans
U.S was neutral about him being in power but was worried that he would turn to communism due to his anti-capitalist policies.
In order to retaliate against U.S they sold sugar to USSR
Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba:
Invasion of U.S force and expected people to join in on the revolution however Castron was more popular than they imagined
A failed military invasion of Cuba, a group if CIA- trained cuban exiles, back by the US Gov. attempted to overthrow Castro's regime by landing on the Bay of pigs (Bahía de Cochinos) on the southern coast of Cuba
Fidel Castro ally with USSR
Fear increased after Bay of Pigs invasion and several assassinations attempts so Castro turned Cuba towards communism
In return USSR wanted to put missiles in Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis:
JFK had two options
Bomb missiles sites
Blockade/quarantine (Chose this option)
U.S Cuban Relationship is Strained
U.S embargo remained and U.S cut off ties in trade with Cuba
During the rest of the Cold War Cuba turned to trading with countries aligned with USSR
Cuba was the center for resistance to U.S policy in LA
Cuba became training ground for Marxist rebels
Fidel Castro Ruled for Many Years
they saw him as a strong leader who stood up against the U.S
Castro’s Cuba increases educational opportunities, strides towards full literacy, good public health system, and large degree of quality for black Cubans
Lack of free speech or travel
Wealthy Cubans, hated Castro’s communist dictatorship and the increasingly worsening economic conditions and fled