Respiratory System FINAL

1. In the __________, gases exchange by diffusion along a gradient.

a. lungs

b. larynx

c. trachea

d. nasal cavity

2. Exhalation is ________ at rest and ___________ during exercise.

a. passive, passive

b. passive, active

c. active, active

d. active, passive

3. Under most conditions, the blood level of oxygen controls the respiratory rate.

a. True

b. False

4. Anna was admitted to the hospital with fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. An X-ray revealed that her lungs were filled with fluid. The proper diagnosis of Anna’s illness is _______.

a. bronchitis

b. asthma

c. emphysema

d. pneumonia

5. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two most common forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

a. True

b. False

6. Oxygen is carried in the blood mainly ______________________.

a. as dissolved gas

b. by white blood cells

c. bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells

d. by platelets

7. The following statements about lung cancer are true. Select the exception.

a. Smoking causes nearly 90% of lung cancer cases.

b. Lung cancer can result from secondhand smoke.

c. Persistent cough and unexplained weight loss are common symptoms of the condition.

d. The disease typically causes symptoms in its early stages.

8. During inhalation, the volume of the lungs increases and the air pressure inside the lungs ___________.

a. increases

b. decreases

c. remains constant

d. Inhalation does not affect pressure inside the lungs.

9. Most carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs as _______________.

a. dissolved gas

b. bicarbonate

c. carbon monoxide

d. carbaminohemoglobin

10. The lungs of newborn babies with infant respiratory distress syndrome are not fully developed and lack _________.

a. surfactant

b. secondary bronchi

c. one lobe

d. alveoli

11. In humans, all flu-causing viruses are variants of three major types: A, B, and C.

a. True

b. False

12. Which of the following respiratory diseases should be treated with antibiotics?

a. Tuberculosis

b. Strep throat

c. Bacterial pneumonia

d. All of the above

13. Mr. Ryan undergoes a barium swallow test to evaluate difficulty swallowing. The radiologist explains that the trachea is lined with incomplete rings of cartilage. Why is this structural feature significant?

a. To assist in vocal cord movement.
b. To prevent air from escaping the lungs.
c. To allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing.
d. To support the trachea against external pressure.

14. Linda, a COPD patient, notices that even minor physical activities make her short of breath. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
a. Reduced blood flow to the lungs due to narrowed arteries.
b. Impaired gas exchange due to damaged alveoli.
c. Decreased heart rate causing lower oxygen delivery.
d. Reduced diaphragm contraction limiting air intake.