English 10 keystone vocab

ambi- Both

im- in, into, on, or toward

ex- ;

re -;

mal- ;

omni-;

dis- ;

un- ;

col-/com-/con- ;

pre- ;

-sid- ;

-ben-; -bene- ;

-ped- ;

-vers-;

-cog- ;

-fac-;-/-fic- ;

-cede-/-ceed- ;

-ate ;

-ous ;

-ive ;

-ent/-ant ;

-able/-ible ;

-ity :-ity :

-ish ;

ARGUMENT WRITING ; Argument writing must present a strong claim and support that claim with “sufficient

evidence,” relevant “valid reasoning,” and counterargument (logos to reach ethos). Argument

is a specific style of persuasion; it is a way to thoroughly analyze an issue while acknowledging

and representing multiple sides of an issue for better understanding and clarifying a particular

worldview.

CLAIM ; A claim is an assertion of the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in doubt. Claims are statements about what is true or good or about what should be done or believed.

COUNTERCLAIM ; A counterclaim is a claim made to rebut a previous claim; what the opposition may say

COUNTERARGUMENT/

REBUTTAL ; A counterargument also known as a rebuttal is an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.

EVIDENCE ; Evidence serves as support for the reasons offered and helps compel audiences to accept claims. Types of evidence include examples, facts/statistics, judgments, and testimony

THESIS STATEMENT ; It offers a concise summary of the main point or claim of the essay. It is usually expressed in one sentence, and the statement may be reiterated elsewhere.

BIAS PREJUDICE ; in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

REASONS ; Reasons are statements of support for claims, making those claims something more than mere assertions. Reasons are statements in an argument that pass two tests:

ETHOS ;Ethos appeals to the speaker's status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them. Pathos appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic, for example.

LOGOS ; Logos appeals to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments.

PATHOS ; Pathos appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic

Figurative Language ; a type of descriptive language used to convey meaning in a way that differs from its literal meaning.

Inclusive Tone : inclusive language is about respect. It's about selecting words and expressions that avoid excluding individuals or groups of people

Repetition ; the act or an instance of repeating or being repeated

Rhetorical Questions ; a question asked to make a point, rather than get an answer.

Stereotype ; a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing.

CHARACTERIZATION ; The process by which the author reveals the personality of a character?

DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION ; Author tells us directly what the character is like. Ex.: sneaky, generous, etc.

INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION ; Author reveals aspects of the character by describing how the character looks and dresses, letting the reader hear what the character says, revealing private thoughts and feelings, showing how other characters behave towards the character, or by showing character actions and mannerisms.

FLAT ; not well developed

ROUND ; well developed

DYNAMIC ; character CHANGES throughout the course of a story

STATIC ; stays the same

Foil ; a character that exhibits contrasting traits to highlight or draw attention