PSYC Final :D

Here is the Quizlet-friendly terms and definitions format based on the final study guide:

Term: Definition of Psychology
Definition: The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Term: Information Processing Model
Definition: A model describing the stages of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Term: Short-term Memory
Definition: Memory that holds information temporarily for analysis, typically lasting 20–30 seconds.

Term: Long-term Memory
Definition: Memory storage that can retain information indefinitely.

Term: Working Memory
Definition: Active manipulation and processing of information held temporarily.

Term: Explicit Memory
Definition: Memory involving conscious recall, such as facts and events.

Term: Implicit Memory
Definition: Memory that does not require conscious recall, such as skills and habits.

Term: Egocentrism
Definition: Inability to see a situation from another person's perspective, common in Piaget's Preoperational Stage.

Term: Vygotsky's Theory of Development
Definition: Emphasizes the role of social interaction and scaffolding in learning.

Term: Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Definition: A theory outlining stages of moral reasoning from pre-conventional to post-conventional.

Term: Erikson's Psychosocial Stages
Definition: Eight stages of development, such as Trust vs. Mistrust and Identity vs. Role Confusion.

Term: Theories of Motivation
Definition: Includes instinct, drive reduction, arousal, self-determination, regulatory focus, and achievement goal theories.

Term: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Definition: A pyramid outlining human needs, from physiological needs to self-actualization.

Term: Emotion Regulation
Definition: Strategies to manage and control emotional responses.

Term: Freud's Psychodynamic Theory
Definition: A theory of personality focusing on unconscious motives and conflicts (id, ego, superego).

Term: Rogers's Positive Regard
Definition: Unconditional acceptance and support of a person, regardless of what they say or do.

Term: Bandura's Reciprocal Determinism
Definition: The theory that a person's behavior is influenced by and influences personal factors and the environment.

Term: Rotter's Locus of Control
Definition: A concept defining whether individuals attribute outcomes to internal factors (control) or external factors (luck or fate).

Term: The Big Five Personality Traits
Definition: Five key traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Term: Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition: The tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors in explaining others' behavior.

Term: Attitude Persuasion Strategies
Definition: Includes foot-in-the-door, door-in-the-face, and lowball techniques.

Term: Cognitive Dissonance
Definition: Psychological discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors.

Term: Conformity vs. Obedience
Definition: Conformity is matching behaviors to group norms; obedience is following authority figures.

Term: Bystander Effect
Definition: The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in emergencies when others are present.

Term: Hawthorne Effect
Definition: Productivity increases due to being observed rather than due to changes in the work environment.

Term: Problem-focused Coping
Definition: A strategy for managing stress by addressing its source directly.

Term: Emotion-focused Coping
Definition: A strategy for managing stress by addressing emotional responses rather than the problem itself.

Term: Biopsychosocial Theory
Definition: A framework that incorporates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding disorders.

Term: Eating Disorders
Definition: Disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, influenced by societal and psychological factors.

Term: Psychodynamic Therapy
Definition: Therapy focusing on unconscious processes and past conflicts.

Term: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Definition: A therapy focusing on modifying negative thoughts and behaviors.

Term: Play Therapy
Definition: A therapeutic approach using play to help children express and process emotions.

Term: Client Confidentiality Exceptions
Definition: Situations where confidentiality may be broken, such as harm to self or others or legal requirements.

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