Verbs

abrir :: to open

aprender :: to learn

aprobar :: to pass

apuntar :: to note/make a note of

asistir :: to attend

ayudar :: to help

NO cometer errores :: to NOT make errors

responder :: to answer

compartir :: to share

comprender :: to understand

copiar :: to copy

decir :: to say

discutir :: to discuss

divertir :: to have fun

empezar/comenzar :: to start/begin

entregar :: to hand in

escribir :: to write

escuchar :: to listen

estar :: to be (condicional/temporal)

dormir :: to sleep

hablar :: to talk

hacer :: to do/make

llegar :: to arrive

levantar :: to raise

ver/mirar :: to see/watch

ofrecer :: to offer

navegar :: to search

NO olvidar :: to not forget

participar :: to participate

preguntar :: to ask a question

NO perder :: to not lose/miss

practicar :: to practice

NO preocuparse :: to NOT worry

prestar atención :: to pay attention

recordar :: to remember

repasar :: to review

repetir :: to repeat

respetar :: to respect

sacar buenas notas :: to get good grades

salir bien :: to do well

ser :: to be

seguir las instrucciones :: to follow the directions

NO suspender/fracasar :: to not fail

tomar un riesgo :: to take a risk

tener :: to have

traer :: to bring

valorar :: to value

Stem-changing Verbs

In the present tense of Spanish there are 3 types of stem-changing verbs. Stem-changing verbs change in every form EXCEPT the forms nosotros and vosotros.

1. One of them is e → ie like the verbs PENSAR, QUERER, EMPEZAR, ENTENDER, PREFERIR

   Pensar :: to think

   yo :: pienso nosotros/nosotras :: pensamos

   tú :: pienses

   él/ella/usted :: piense ellos/ellas/ustedes :: piensen

2. Another one of them is o → ue like the verbs ALMORZAR, DORMIR, PODER

   Dormir :: to sleep

   yo :: duermo nosotros/nosotras :: dormimos

   tú :: duermes

   él/ella/usted :: duerme ellos/ellas/ustedes :: duermen

3. The other one is e → i like the verbs PEDIR, SERVIR, REPETIR

   Pedir :: to ask for

   yo :: pido nosotros/nosotras :: pedimos

   tú :: pides

   él/ella/usted :: pide ellos/ellas/ustedes :: piden

4. Lastly you have one other which is u → ue which ONLY happens with the verb JUGAR

Jugar :: to play

yo :: juego nosotros/nosotras :: jugamos

tú :: juegas

él/ella/usted :: juega ellos/ellas/ustedes :: juegan

Los países de sudamérica con sus capitales y nacionalidad

1. Venezuela

   • Caracas

   • venezolano/a

2. Columbia

   • Bogotá

   • colombiano/a

3. Ecuador

   • Quito

   • ecuatoriano/a

4. Perú

   • Lima

   • peruano/a

5. Bolivia

   • La Paz

   • boliviano/a

6. Chile

   • Santiago

   • chileno/a

7. Argentina

   • Buenos Aires

   • argentino/a

8. Paraguay

   • Asunción

   • paraguayo/a

9. Uruguay

   • Montevideo

   • uruguayo/a

10. Brasil

    • Brasília

    • brasileño/a