Introduction to Socialization and Its Categories

Importance: Academic integrity is the fundamental reason behind rigid testing procedures.
Challenges of Online Testing:
- Presence of students allows for distraction and cheating opportunities.
- Randomized tests may still present similar questions, leading to potential strategic cheating.
- Risks of collusion if students can glance at each other's screens.
Drawbacks of Paper Tests:
- Distribution process is laborious and susceptible to errors (wrong test codes, illegible numbers).
- High percentage (10-15%) of tests have issues that require re-verification.
Conclusion: Online testing limits back-and-forth movement through questions, which is viewed as a necessary compromise to uphold academic integrity.

Format:
- Majority of term tests are multiple choice with variations in the final exam (mix of multiple choice and written answers).
- Final exams conducted on paper under supervision.

Definition: Process of learning to become productive members of society and culture.
Importance: Critical for human development and essential for cultural transmission through socialization.
Consequences of Lack of Socialization:
- Feral children: Lack of socialization can lead to significant cognitive and behavioral deficiencies.
- Examples include inability to speak, lack of humor, impaired motor functions, and failure to learn basic social behaviors.

Primary Socialization:
- Occurs within the family from birth.
- Teaches basic norms, values, and expected behaviors to thrive in society.
Secondary Socialization:
- Takes place outside the family (e.g., schools, peers, media).
- Continues to shape individuals as they grow older.

Primary Agents: Family, directly shaping upbringing and identity.
Secondary Agents: Schools, peers, and media that influence behavior, interests, and societal engagement.
Peer Influence:
- Peers can lead to both positive outcomes (encouragement in hobbies) and negative outcomes (risky behaviors).
- Examples: Graduated driving licensing system limits peer presence to reduce risky behavior in young drivers.

Influence on Identity: Media can help individuals find interests and skills through online communities.
Desensitization to Violence: Repeated exposure may lead to decreased sensitivity towards violence in society.
Controversies:
- Continuous debate on whether media exposure leads to violence; correlation is not causation.
- Examples include the historical context of violent media not correlating with an increase in crime rates.

Self-socialization through media can shape individual identities.
Anticipatory Socialization: Preparing for future roles (e.g., parenting, career roles) through learning and behavior modeling.

Definition: A form of socialization aimed at altering an individual's identity significantly.
Examples of Total Institutions: Prisons, military, asylums, and their mechanisms for control and re-socialization.
- Prisons aim to reform individuals to re-enter society as productive members, while total institutions impose strict controls over behavior and identity.
Challenges Post-Institution: Individuals often struggle with reintegration into society due to the effects of institutionalization.

The connection between socialization and behavior is complex, influenced by multiple disciplines (sociology, psychology, biology).
Understanding individual behavior requires integrative knowledge from various fields.
Critical reflection on why behavioral tendencies exist and the role of personal and social factors in shaping these behaviors is essential.