Macromolecules

Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomers. There are four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms:

Carbohydrates: These are made up of monosaccharides (simple sugars) and are used for energy storage and structural support. Examples include glucose, starch, and cellulose.

Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen(CHO); 1:2:1 ratio

Lipids: These are made up of fatty acids and glycerol and are used for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure. Examples include fats, oils, and phospholipids.

Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen(CHO); no ratio

Proteins: These are made up of amino acids and are used for a variety of functions including enzyme catalysis, structural support, and transport. Examples include hemoglobin, collagen, and enzymes.
- Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Nucleic acids: These are made up of nucleotides and are used for genetic information storage and transfer. Examples include DNA and RNA.

Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous

Macromolecules are formed through a process called polymerization, where monomers are linked together through covalent bonds. This process requires energy and is typically catalyzed by enzymes.

Macromolecules are essential for life and play a crucial role in many biological processes. Understanding their structure and function is important for understanding the workings of living organisms.

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