Conciousness

Stage 1: produce theta + fast beta waves; could easily be woken up; lasts 5 minutes

Stage 2: spindles (bursts of electrical activity); 20 minutes brain activity

Stage 3: some delta waves (slowest); lasts 30 minutes; non REM

Stage 4: mostly delta waves (slowest); lasts 30 minutes; non REM; deepest sleep, night terrors & sleepwalking

REM (rapid eye movement): “paradoxical sleep”; sleep paralysis, dreams & nightmares; lighter sleep that stage 4

Hypnagogic: state between being awake and asleep

Sleep paralysis: occurs during REM so you don't act out your dreams

Paradoxical sleep: when your body is paralyzed (REM) but your mind is still active

REM rebound: when you are in REM longer one night because you only got deep sleep the night before (didn't sleep enough)

Sleep Apnea: when your breathing stops 100s of times a night for a fraction of a second; occurs in 10% of people that snore; obesity, smoking & drinking can lead to sleep apnea

Narcolepsy: uncontrollable sleep attacks; go straight into REM (fall because they get paralyzed); occurs because orexin levels are low(controls sleep regulation)

Fatal Insomnia: when you cant enter sleep stage

Sleeping Beauty Syndrome: when you have trouble waking up for a majority of the day

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: when you don’t get paralysis during REM sleep

Paradoxical Sleep: when your body is paralyzed but your mind is active

Night Terrors: anxiety that gets manifested

Insomnia: inconsistent sleep cycle or you cant sleep

Adenosine: helps you feel tired/sleepy (suppressed by caffeine)

Somnambulism: sleepwalking; occurs in stage 3

Sleep Apnea: when your breathing stop while asleep multiple times a night

Biological rhythm: the cycles we live our lives by (Yearly, seasonal, menstrual)

Circadian rhythm: our daily cycles (most important)

Information process theory: dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories

Activation synthesis theory: dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of random electrical activation from the brain stem

Physiological function theory: regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

Neural activation theory: REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain turns into dreams

Cognitive development theory: dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development, their knowledge and understanding

Coma: not going through a sleep cycle (only occurs if your brain wants it)

Hypnosis:: between being asleep and awake (power of suggestion and deep relaxation)

Depressants: relaxes your nervous system

Stimulants: wakes up the mind

Hallucinogens (psychedelics): another state of consciousness