AP Gov Unit 3 Vocab

·         civil rights

protections of groups by the government

·         civil liberties

protections of rights for citizens from gov’t. actions

·         1^st no establishment

government cannot create laws creating religious rules

·         1^st free exercise

government cannot create laws restricting religious beliefs

·         1^st clear and present danger 

free speech is limited if it endangers the state

·         1^st pure speech

freedom of speaking

·         1^st symbolic speech

freedom of actions that are like speech

·         1^st community standards

community limits to certain publications in that area

·         1^st incitement

trying to cause violence

·         1^st prior restraint

stopping the press from publishing

·         1^st libel

lying about a person in print with intent to harm

·         1^st slander

lying about a person in speech with intent to harm

·         2^nd well-regulated militia

first portion of the amendment’s rights

·         2^nd right to bear arms

second portion of the amendment’s rights

·         3^rd no quartering

military troops cannot force citizens to house them

·         4^th search and seizure

rules about collecting evidence with or without warrants

·         4^th probable cause

collecting evidence without a warrant on suspicion

·         4^th exclusionary rule

evidence collected but barred from use in court

·         4^th good faith exception

evidence collected with flawed warrants

·         4^th privacy (penumbra right)

rights in the “shadow” of the Constitution

·         5^th indictments

charges against a person

·         5^th double jeopardy

charging a person multiple times for a single event

·         5^th self-incrimination

giving evidence against one’s self

·         5^th just compensation

payment for seized property

·         5^th eminent domain

the power of seizing private property for public use

·         5^th due process

the rules of courts and the judicial system

·         6^th speedy and public trial

right of the public via courts

·         6^th impartial jury

right of the accused

·         6^th confront witnesses

right of the accused

·         6^th obtain witnesses

right of the accused

·         6^th assistance of council

right of the accused

·         7^th trial by jury in civil trials

right of the accused

·         8^th no excessive bail

right of the accused

·         8^th no cruel and unusual punishment

right of the accused

·         9^th rights retained

people’s rights not given to the national government

·         10^th reserved powers

state’s rights not given to the national government

·         defamation

the act of damaging the reputation of another

·         heavy presumption against prior restraint

strict limits of keeping the press from publishing

·         obscene speech

limited free speech

·         offensive speech

forms of hurtful speech

·         death penalty

legal? used?

·         cruel and unusual versus public safety

limits of punishments

·         digital data control efforts

post 911 areas of surveillance

·         14^th “selective” incorporation

case by case application of the due process clause on state courts

·         14^th due process rights,

all states must give all citizens these

·         14^th equal protection rights

all states must give all citizens these

·         14^th national citizenship,

Congress, not the states, now citizenship

·         Hyde Amendment of 1976

law barring federal money being used for abortions

·         limits on bulk collections of telecommunications meta data

post 911 interpretations of data collection by the gov’t.

·         limits to speech

how do courts interpret speech freedoms or not

·         Miranda rule

requirements to tell rights and causes before arrests

·         Patriot Act

post 911 powers of surveillance, etc.

·         penumbra rights

rights interpreted to exist in the shadow of the Const.

·         public safety exceptions

expansions of government powers to stop terrorism

·         USA Freedom Act

post 911 expansions and department creations

·         warrantless searches

where and when allowed

·         class action suites

groups claiming mass actions in suits

·         Hatch Amendment

legal actions to help with education

·         LGBT

non-heterosexual individuals

·         pro-choice

supporting the right to abortions

·         pro-life

opposing abortion rights

·         Title II

no discrimination if public accomidations

·         Title IX

laws covering men and women’s sport and funding

·         Title VII

portions of the Civil Rights Act concerning hiring discrimination

·         Civil Rights Act of 1866

directly led to the 14^th Amendment

·         Civil Rights Act of 1964

no more national discrimination

·         de facto segregation

segregation that occurs “by fact” not law

·         de jure segregation

government imposed segregation

·         Dixiecrats/State’s Rights Democrats

Civil Rights Era, conservative, southern Democrats favoring segregation

·         equal protection clause

key part of the 14^th Amendment

·         grandfather clause

limiting black voting rights based on ancestor’s status

·         literacy test

limiting black voting with impossible test standards

·         poll tax

limiting black voting rights with prohibitive fees

·         separate but equal

government sponsored segregation

·         Voting Rights Act of 1965

attempts to eliminate voting restrictions on minorities

·         Kennedy’s Executive Order 10925

the first executive effort to create affirmative action