plant tissue culture

STEPS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

☆Selection of explant:

1. healthy

2. growing region from mother plant

☆Creation of culture medium:

1. Micro and macro nutrients

2. Vitamins

3. Sucrose 2-4%

4. Phytohormone for growth

5. Agar to harden the medium

6. Called basal medium

7. The pH is 5.5-5.8

8. Slightly acidic so no germs can be formed

☆Sterilization:

1. Autoclave machine

2. 121°C

3. 15 lb pressure

4. 20 mins

☆Placing the explant in culture medium

1. To supply nutrients to the explant

☆Formation of callus and multiplication in number:

1. 3000-5000 lux

2. 17°-20°C

3. Humidity 75%

☆Transferring to root creating medium and creation of sapling

1. Roots are created by their help

2. Turns into a sapling containing buds, roots, and nodes

☆Transferring the sapling in a tub

1. The sapling is not used to outside environment

2. So it is “trained” to cop up with that

☆Transfer to natural place in the outside environment

1. After the sapling is matured enough

MIRCOPROPAGATION

Producing a sapling with exact same characteristics of mother plant

The plants whose seeds are not produced

Example: thuja, banana sagar

MERISTEM CULTURE

Disease free new plant is created

Meristematic tissue is taken as they are new and free from diseases and it grows well

Example: potato, sugarcane

PROTOPLAST FUSSION

Hybrid plant from fusion of protoplast two different plants

Protoplast fusion → somatic hybrid

Only cytoplasm gets mixed → cybrid

Example: potato+tomato=pomato

HAPLOID PLANT CREATION

Anther and pollen grain culture

Androgenic haploid plant (male)

Possible for:

B→ brassicaceae

P→ poaceae

S→ solanaceae

Example: Guan 18 (rice), Ginghua 1 (wheat)

CALLUS TISSUE CULTURE

Somaclonal variation→ variation/clone from somatic cell

Gametoclonal variation→ variation/clone from gamatic cell

TRANSGENIC PLANT

Creating desired gene by recombinant DNA process

Example: cotton, tomato, tobacco, golden rice, potato, soybean

Cute ToTo Grows Pretty Soybean

Cute→ cotton

To→ tomato

To→ tobacco

Grows→ golden rice

Pretty→ potato

Soybean

Golden rice→ carbohydrates+vitamin A (ß carotene)+iron

SAVED EMBRYO

Hybrid of two different species→ infertile

Producing neutral plant by culture medium

GENETIC ENGINEERING

New characteristics

Processed gene