Untitled Flashcards Set

Lesson 1: Marching Toward War 
21. Militarism – The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war. 
22. Triple Alliance – A military alliance before WWI between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. 
23. Kaiser Wilhelm II – The German emperor during World War I who pushed for a stronger military and more aggressive foreign policy. 
24. Triple Entente – An alliance between France, Russia, and Britain before World War I. 
25. The Balkan Region – A politically unstable area in Southeast Europe known as the "powder keg" of Europe due to nationalist tensions. 
26. Archduke Franz Ferdinand – The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in 1914 sparked World War I. 
27. Ultimatum – A final demand or threat, such as the one Austria-Hungary gave Serbia after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. 

Lesson 2: Europe Plunges into War 
28. Central Powers – The alliance during World War I that included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. 
29. Allies – The alliance of Britain, France, Russia, and later the U.S. and others during World War I. 
30. Armenian Genocide – The mass killing and forced deportation of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during World War I. 
31. Western Front – The line of battle in Western Europe, mainly in France and Belgium, where trench warfare was common. 
32. Trench Warfare – A type of fighting where soldiers dug and fought from deep trenches facing the enemy. 
33. Eastern Front – The battle zone between Germany and Russia during World War I, with more mobile and less entrenched fighting than the Western Front. 

Lesson 3: A Global Conflict 
34. Gallipoli – A failed Allied campaign in Turkey meant to secure a sea route to Russia. 
35. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare – A German military policy of sinking any ship, including civilian ones, without warning. 
36. The Lusitania – A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing civilians and angering the U.S. 
37. The Zimmermann Note – A secret German message to Mexico proposing an alliance against the U.S., which helped draw the U.S. into the war. 
38. Total War – A war strategy in which countries use all available resources and people to support the war effort. 
39. Propaganda – Biased information used by governments to shape public opinion and maintain support for the war. 
40. Armistice – An agreement to stop fighting; the WWI armistice was signed on November 11, 1918. 

Lesson 4: A Flawed Peace 
41. Treaty of Versailles – The peace treaty that ended World War I and placed harsh penalties on Germany. 
42. Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" – A plan by U.S. President Wilson for lasting peace that included ideas like self-determination and the League of Nations. 
43. League of Nations – An international peacekeeping organization formed after WWI to prevent future wars. 
44. Self-determination – The right of people to choose their own government and political status.