Augustus – The first Roman emperor.

Battle of Marathon – A land battle in which the Athenians defeated the Persians.

Carthago delenda est – The words of Cato at the end of every speech.

civitas sine suffragio – Citizenship without voting rights.

Constantine – The first Christian Roman emperor.

Consul – The most powerful official in the Roman Republic (two were elected each year).

Diocletian – A Roman emperor who divided up the empire between four co-emperors.

Julian the Apostate – A Roman emperor who rejected Christianity, despite being raised Christian.

Julius Caesar – A Roman leader assassinated on the Ides of March.

Pericles – Leader who convinced Athens to build several temples.

Punic Wars – Rome vs. its arch-rival.

Sardis – A Persian city burned down in the Ionian revolt.

Spartacus – The leader of a gladiator rebellion.

Themistocles – Leader who convinced Athens to build a navy.

Third Servile War – A gladiator rebellion.

Tribune of the plebs – A position in the Roman Republic dedicated to defending the common people.

Trireme – A type of Greek warship.

Xerxes – A Persian king during the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis.