Chemistry Review Flashcards

Periodic Table Elements

• Five elements: V, W, X, Y, and Z in the periodic table (not actual chemical symbols).

  • (a) Transition metal: Y

  • (b) Element in Group 2: W

  • (c) Noble gas: Z

  • (d) Element with atomic (proton) number 4: W

  • (e) Element in Group 7: N

Substances

• Diagram showing five different substances: A, B, C, D, and E. Circles represent atoms of different elements.

  • (a) Substance that is only one compound: B

  • (b) Substance that is a mixture of elements: E

  • (c) Substance that is a mixture of an element and a compound: E

  • (d) Substance that is only one element: A

  • (e) Substance that is a mixture of compounds: C

Flow Chart substances

• Substances:

  • Citric acid

  • Copper sulphate

  • Indigestion tablet

  • Sugar

• Flow chart questions/results:

  • Does the substance dissolve in water to form a blue solution?

    • Yes: Copper Sulphate

    • No: Continue to next query.

  • Does it turn universal indicator red?

    • Yes: Citric Acid

    • No: Continue to next query.

  • Does it turn universal indicator blue?

    • Yes: Indigestion Tablet

    • No: Sugar

Paul's Substances

• Paul has four substances:

  • Citric acid

  • Copper sulphate

  • Indigestion tablet

  • Sugar

• Procedure: Dissolved 1 g of each substance in 20 cm³ of distilled water and used universal indicator to find the pH of each solution.

  • (a)(i) Sugar solution does not change the color of green universal indicator.

    • What does this tell you about sugar solution? It is neutral.

  • (a)(ii) Suggest the pH of citric acid: Any number less than 7.

  • (a)(iii) Indigestion tablets neutralize acid in the stomach. What does this tell you about indigestion tablets? They are alkaline / an alkali

Acids and Reactions

• Strong alkali turns purple with universal indicator (UI) - pH 11-14

• General equations showing reactions of acids:

  • Acid + Metal \rightarrow Salt + Hydrogen

  • Acid + Metal oxide \rightarrow Salt + Water

  • Acid + Metal carbonate \rightarrow Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

• Metal oxides and alkalis are bases, so the middle reaction can also be written as:

  • Acid + Base \rightarrow Salt + Water

  • Acid + Alkali \rightarrow Salt + Water

• Reactions that produce a salt + water are called Neutralization.

• Table Completion:

  • Hydrochloric acid \rightarrow Metal Chloride

  • Sulfuric acid \rightarrow Metal Sulfate

  • Nitric acid \rightarrow Metal nitrate