Untitled Flashcards Set

Group 7A (AMSCO Topics 7.2 - 7.3)

Alaska/Seward’s Folly – The U.S. purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867, initially seen as a mistake but later valued for its resources.
Hawaii/Queen Liliuokalani – The last monarch of Hawaii, overthrown in 1893 by American businessmen and eventually leading to Hawaii’s annexation in 1898.
Imperialists/Imperialism – A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Alfred T. Mahan/Influence of Sea Power Upon History – A book that emphasized the importance of naval power for national strength.
Spanish-American War – A war in 1898 between the U.S. and Spain, resulting in U.S. control over territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Yellow Journalism (press) – Sensationalized and exaggerated news reporting designed to provoke emotions and sway public opinion.
De Lôme Letter – A letter from a Spanish diplomat that insulted President McKinley, contributing to anti-Spanish sentiment in the U.S.
USS Maine – A U.S. battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898; the incident helped spark the Spanish-American War.
Teller Amendment (1898) – Stated that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
Commodore George Dewey – Led the U.S. fleet in a decisive victory over Spain at the Battle of Manila Bay.
Theodore Roosevelt/Rough Riders – A volunteer cavalry unit led by Roosevelt that gained fame in the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War.
Annexation of the Philippines – The U.S. acquisition of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, leading to resistance from Filipino nationalists.
Anti-Imperialist League – A group that opposed U.S. expansion, particularly the annexation of the Philippines.
Insular Cases – A series of Supreme Court cases that ruled the Constitution did not automatically apply to U.S. territories.
Platt Amendment (1901) – Gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuba and maintain a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
Spheres of Influence – Areas in which foreign powers had economic and political control, particularly in China.
Open Door Policy (1899) – A U.S. proposal advocating equal trade opportunities in China.
Boxer Rebellion (1900) – A Chinese uprising against foreign influence, suppressed by an international military coalition.
Big Stick Diplomacy – Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy emphasizing military strength to achieve diplomatic goals.
Panama Canal – A canal built by the U.S. to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, greatly enhancing trade and military mobility.
Roosevelt Corollary (1904) – An extension of the Monroe Doctrine stating the U.S. could intervene in Latin America to prevent European involvement.
Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907) – A U.S.-Japan agreement where Japan limited emigration to the U.S. in exchange for better treatment of Japanese-Americans.
Great White Fleet – A U.S. naval fleet sent on a world tour to demonstrate American power.
Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy of promoting U.S. financial investment in Latin America and East Asia instead of military intervention.
Moral Diplomacy – President Wilson’s foreign policy that emphasized supporting democratic governments and human rights abroad.
Pancho Villa and U.S. Expeditionary Force – A U.S. military expedition led by General Pershing to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa after his raids into the U.S.

Group 7B (AMSCO Topics 7.4 - 7.5)

Progressivism – A reform movement aiming to address social, economic, and political problems caused by industrialization.
Muckrakers – Investigative journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices.
Jacob Riis/How the Other Half Lives – A photojournalist who documented poor living conditions in urban tenements.
Upton Sinclair/The Jungle – A novel exposing unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to food safety regulations.
Ida Tarbell/The History of Standard Oil – A journalist who exposed the monopolistic practices of Standard Oil.
17th Amendment – Allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators.
Initiative, Referendum, Recall – Progressive reforms that gave citizens more control over government by allowing them to propose, approve, or remove laws.
Square Deal – Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic policy focused on consumer protection, corporate regulation, and conservation.
Trust-Busting – Government actions to break up monopolies and restore competition.
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) – A law requiring accurate labeling of food and medicine and banning harmful substances.
Meat Inspection Act (1906) – Established sanitary standards for meat processing and required federal inspections.
Conservation Movement – A movement led by Roosevelt to protect natural resources and create national parks.
Federal Reserve Act (1913) – Created the Federal Reserve System to regulate banking and money supply.
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) – Strengthened antitrust laws and protected labor unions from being prosecuted as monopolies.
19th Amendment (1920) – Granted women the right to vote.

Group 7C (AMSCO Topics 7.6 - 7.7)

World War I (1914-1918) – A global conflict in which the U.S. joined the Allies in 1917.
Zimmermann Telegram – A secret German message urging Mexico to attack the U.S., which contributed to U.S. entry into WWI.
Selective Service Act (1917) – Established a military draft during WWI.
War Industries Board (WIB) – Coordinated industrial production during WWI.
Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917-1918) – Laws that suppressed dissent and criticism of the U.S. government during WWI.
Fourteen Points – President Wilson’s plan for postwar peace, including the League of Nations.
League of Nations – An international organization aimed at preventing future wars, which the U.S. did not join.
Red Scare (1919-1920) – A period of intense fear of communism and radical leftist movements in the U.S.
Harlem Renaissance – A cultural movement in the 1920s celebrating African American literature, music, and art.
Great Migration – The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban North for better economic opportunities.
Prohibition (18th Amendment) – Banned the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol.
Scopes Trial (1925) – A trial debating the teaching of evolution in schools.
Stock Market Crash (1929) – A collapse of the stock market that triggered the Great Depression.
New Deal (1933-1939) – Franklin D. Roosevelt’s programs to provide economic relief, recovery, and reform.
Social Security Act (1935) – Established a system of pensions for retirees and unemployment insurance.
Lend-Lease Act (1941) – Allowed the U.S. to supply weapons to Allied nations during WWII.
Pearl Harbor (1941) – A Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base, leading to U.S. entry into WWII.
Manhattan Project – A secret project that developed the atomic bomb.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945) – Japanese cities where the U.S. dropped atomic bombs, leading to Japan’s surrender.
United Nations (1945) – An international organization formed to promote peace and cooperation after WWII.

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can you add all the definitions

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Here’s a complete list of all the vocabulary terms from Time Period 7 (1890–1945) with definitions.

Group 7A (AMSCO Topics 7.2 - 7.3)

Alaska/Seward’s Folly – The U.S. purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million. It was initially criticized as a foolish purchase but later proved valuable for its natural resources.
Hawaii/Queen Liliuokalani – The last monarch of Hawaii, overthrown in 1893 by American businessmen and later annexed by the U.S. in 1898.
Imperialists/Imperialism – A policy in which a stronger nation extends its control over weaker territories through political, military, or economic means.
Alfred T. Mahan/Influence of Sea Power Upon History – A book that argued strong naval power was crucial for national greatness, influencing U.S. naval expansion.
Spanish-American War (1898) – A war between Spain and the U.S., sparked by the explosion of the USS Maine and U.S. support for Cuban independence. The U.S. won and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Yellow Journalism – Sensationalized and exaggerated reporting aimed at attracting readers and influencing public opinion, notably used to stir support for the Spanish-American War.
De Lôme Letter – A letter from a Spanish diplomat criticizing U.S. President McKinley, worsening U.S.-Spain relations.
USS Maine – A U.S. battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, leading to U.S. intervention in the Spanish-American War.
Teller Amendment (1898) – Declared that the U.S. had no intention of taking control of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
Commodore George Dewey – Led the U.S. Navy to victory against Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.
Theodore Roosevelt/Rough Riders – A volunteer cavalry unit led by Roosevelt that gained fame for their charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba.
Annexation of the Philippines – The U.S. took control of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, leading to conflict with Filipino nationalists.
Anti-Imperialist League – A group that opposed U.S. expansionism, particularly the annexation of the Philippines, arguing it violated democratic principles.
Insular Cases – Supreme Court cases ruling that U.S. territories did not automatically receive full constitutional rights.
Platt Amendment (1901) – Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and established a U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
Spheres of Influence – Areas where foreign nations controlled trade and investment, especially in China.
Open Door Policy (1899) – A U.S. proposal advocating equal trade access for all nations in China.
Boxer Rebellion (1900) – A Chinese nationalist uprising against foreign influence, suppressed by an international military force.
Big Stick Diplomacy – Roosevelt’s foreign policy advocating for diplomatic negotiation backed by military strength.
Panama Canal – A canal built by the U.S. to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, completed in 1914.
Roosevelt Corollary (1904) – An extension of the Monroe Doctrine stating the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin American countries to prevent European interference.
Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907) – A U.S.-Japan agreement where Japan limited emigration to the U.S. in exchange for better treatment of Japanese-Americans.
Great White Fleet – A U.S. naval fleet sent on a world tour to demonstrate American military power.
Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy of encouraging U.S. financial investment in Latin America and East Asia to promote stability.
Moral Diplomacy – President Wilson’s policy promoting democratic values and human rights in foreign relations.
Pancho Villa and U.S. Expeditionary Force – A U.S. military expedition led by General John Pershing to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa after his attacks on U.S. border towns.

Group 7B (AMSCO Topics 7.4 - 7.5)

Progressivism – A movement aimed at addressing social, economic, and political issues caused by industrialization.
Muckrakers – Journalists who exposed corruption, social injustices, and corporate greed.
Jacob Riis/How the Other Half Lives – A book that used photographs to expose the poor living conditions in urban tenements.
Upton Sinclair/The Jungle – A novel that revealed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to food safety laws.
Ida Tarbell/The History of Standard Oil – A work exposing John D. Rockefeller’s monopolistic practices.
17th Amendment – Allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators.
Initiative, Referendum, Recall – Progressive reforms that allowed citizens to propose laws, vote on laws directly, and remove elected officials.
Square Deal – Roosevelt’s policy focusing on consumer protection, corporate regulation, and conservation.
Trust-Busting – Government actions to break up monopolies and restore competition.
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) – Required accurate labeling of food and medicine and banned harmful substances.
Meat Inspection Act (1906) – Established sanitary standards for meat processing and required federal inspections.
Conservation Movement – A push for protecting natural resources and creating national parks.
Federal Reserve Act (1913) – Created the Federal Reserve System to regulate banking and money supply.
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) – Strengthened antitrust laws and protected labor unions.
19th Amendment (1920) – Granted women the right to vote.

Group 7C (AMSCO Topics 7.6 - 7.7)

World War I (1914-1918) – A global conflict that the U.S. joined in 1917 on the side of the Allies.
Zimmermann Telegram – A secret German message encouraging Mexico to attack the U.S., leading to U.S. involvement in WWI.
Selective Service Act (1917) – Established a draft for military service.
War Industries Board (WIB) – Coordinated industrial production during WWI.
Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917-1918) – Laws that suppressed anti-war dissent and criticism of the U.S. government.
Fourteen Points – Wilson’s plan for postwar peace, including the League of Nations.
League of Nations – An international organization aimed at preventing future wars, though the U.S. did not join.
Red Scare (1919-1920) – A period of intense fear of communism and radical leftist movements in the U.S.
Harlem Renaissance – A cultural movement celebrating African American achievements in literature, music, and art.
Great Migration – The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban North for better opportunities.
Prohibition (18th Amendment) – Banned the production and sale of alcohol.
Scopes Trial (1925) – A trial debating the teaching of evolution in schools.
Stock Market Crash (1929) – A financial collapse that triggered the Great Depression.
New Deal (1933-1939) – Roosevelt’s programs for economic relief, recovery, and reform.
Social Security Act (1935) – Established pensions for retirees and unemployment insurance.
Lend-Lease Act (1941) – Allowed the U.S. to supply weapons to Allied nations in WWII.
Pearl Harbor (1941) – A Japanese attack on a U.S. naval base that led to U.S. entry into WWII.
Manhattan Project – A secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945) – Cities where the U.S. dropped atomic bombs, leading to Japan’s surrender.
United Nations (1945) – An international organization established to promote peace and cooperation.