Food tech Module 1 Nutrition

what are proteins made out of and what amino acids do we need called made of amino acids with 9 amino acids called essential proteins and 11 amino acids called non essential how do proteins help your body strengthen teeth and bones, help repair and build muscle and regulates hormones and enzymes what are the different types of carbohydrates and how much does the body need 40-45% of complex carbs and 15% sugar/simple carbs and fibre what is soluble fibre it dissolves in water and produces a gel like substance in the intestine what is insoluble fibre Does not dissolve in water and remains undigested . is ingested in the small intestine what vitamins does fats help absorb A,E,D what is the chemical formula for the amino group NH2 what is the chemical formula for the carboxyl group COOH What are globular proteins they are proteins that are crumpled up and form chains what is a fibrous proteins a protein that is straight and stretchy complete vs incomplete proteins a complete protein has all the 9 essential amino acids that you need while incomplete does not what do carbs do for the body they provide energy what are the 3 groups of carbs monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides what is fibre it is a type of carb that helps the gut work well and helps prevent constipation and cell damage What are the functions of lipids in the body? Lipids help store energy, provide insulation, protect organs, carry fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), provide essential fatty acids, maintain healthy skin and hair, What is the structure of a triglyceride? A triglyceride consists of a backbone of glycerol attached to three fatty acid molecules.. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds, making them solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature. What are essential fatty acids they are omega 3 and 6 and cannot be produced by the body Why are essential fatty acids important? They are vital for brain function and found in fish, nuts, seeds, and green vegetables. What is the role of cholesterol in the body? Cholesterol is needed to make bile acids, absorb lipids, and produce hormones. It is found in all body cells and can be synthesized by the liver. what can high cholesterol do to the body High intake of saturated fats can increase blood cholesterol levels, contributing to heart disease. What are vitamins and why are they important? Vitamins are essential substances your body can't make, needed in small amounts for healthy functioning. What is the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins? Water-soluble vitamins (B-group, C) need daily replenishment. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) can be stored in the body. Where are fat-soluble vitamins need to be stored in the body? They are stored in the liver and fat tissue to meet needs over several months. How are water-soluble vitamins stored in the body They are not stored and must be consumed regularly as excess is excreted in urine. What is the role of B-group vitamins in the body? They help release energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. What are minerals, and why are they important? Minerals are essential nutrients for various body functions, including calcium, phosphorus, and iron. What role does calcium play in the body? Calcium strengthens bones and teeth, supports nerve and muscle function, and helps blood clotting. What is phosphorus's role in the body? : Phosphorus strengthens bones and teeth and is crucial for energy production. What is the role of iron in the body? Iron carries oxygen to cells and is vital for energy production. What are the roles of sodium and potassium in the body? They help regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions, nerve impulses, and acid-base balance What is zinc's role in the body? Zinc is vital for growth, protein production, wound healing, and maintaining skin, hair, and nails. What are the key functions of water in the body? Water acts as a solvent, lubricant, shock absorber, and helps control body temperature through sweat. It also aids in maintaining sodium-potassium balance. What is the function of the gastrointestinal tract (gut)? The gastrointestinal tract is a tube, about 8 metres long, that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. Digestion and absorption occur along this tract. what is digestion? it is the chemical and mechanical break down of food in the body what is absorption in the body? It is the movement of nutrients into the blood and lymphatic systems What does mastication mean? It is chewing, grinding up food what is peristalsis it is when the lining of the oesophagus moves food in a wave like motion in the stomach what is the main function of the oesophagus to stop acid mixture from splashing into the mouth what is the chyme it is when the stomach lining grinds up food and mix it with gastric juices what are gastric juice made out of hydrochloric acid and enzymes. what are the three areas of the small intestine duo- denum, jejunum, and ileum. What does the small intestine do? it neutralises the hydrochloric acid due to its alkaline environment how are proteins digested they are broken down into amino acids by protein splitting enzymes what does bile do to lipids bile is in the liver and helps emulsify lipids in to liquid droplets what are villi Small fingerlike projections that greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall and help capture substances how are fats digested they are absorbed into the gut wall and are broken down into the triglyceride what is chlye a creamy-looking, fatty liquid. what is the main function of the large intestine to remove food residues and wastes from the body.