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• Ida Jean Orlando's Deliberative Nursing Process Theory

• Nursing is a profession that seeks to find out and meet the patient's immediate need for help

• Learning Theory Outcomes Assumptions Nursing Application of Process the Theory Theory Major Introduction Concepts & Metaparadigms Definitions

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• Learning Outcomes

• Identify the major concepts and definitions as utilized in the theory

• Describe the theory in view of the four metaparadigms

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• Introduction

• Developed her theory from a study conducted at the Yale University School of Nursing

• Integrated mental health concepts into basic nursing curriculum

• Emphasized the elements of the nursing process and the patient's participation in it

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• Orlando's theory

• Focuses on how patients have their own meanings and interpretations of situations and behavior

• Nurses must validate the patient's inferences and analyses before drawing conclusions

• Relieving the patient's distress leads to positive changes in observable behavior

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• Theory Description

• Patients experience distress or feelings of helplessness as a result of unmet needs

• Reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse emphasized

• Immediacy is emphasized throughout the theory

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• Theory Description

• Orlando's theory helps nurses achieve more successful patient care outcomes

• Nurses need to share their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings with patients

• Effective practice theory, especially helpful for new nurses

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• Nursing Process Theory

• Interaction of three basic elements: behavior of the patient, reaction of the nurse, and nursing actions for the patient's benefit

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• Role of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient's immediate need for help

• Nursing process helps the nurse find out the nature of the distress and what helps the patient

• Theory is clear, concise, and easy to use

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• Major Concepts & Definitions

• Nurse's responsibility is to provide whatever help the patient may require

• Need is a situationally defined requirement that relieves or diminishes the patient's immediate distress

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• Presenting behavior of patient

• Nursing process includes the nurse's and patient's reactions and communication

• Deliberative nursing actions are decided upon for the patient's immediate need

• Automatic nursing actions are decided upon for reasons other than the patient's immediate need

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• Theory Assumptions

• Patients become distressed when they cannot cope with their needs on their own

• Nursing adds to the distress of the patient

• Nursing deals with people, the environment, and health

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• Patients need help and attach meanings to situations and actions

• Patients enter nursing care through dependency needs

• Nurse-patient situation is dynamic and influenced by both the nurse and the patient

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• Metaparadigms

• Nursing is unique and independent in its concerns for an individual's need for help

• Human individuality and the dynamic nature of the nurse-patient relationship are emphasized

• Health is replaced by a sense of helplessness as the initiator of a necessity for nursing

• Environment is not mentioned in Orlando's theory

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• Application of the Theory

• Orlando's theory is important for nurses in special clinical areas that require quick decision making and critical thinking skills

• Emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse

• Helpful for new nurses as