Biology Ch.1 

  • Biology is the study of life. It unifies much of natural science.
  • Life is constrained by the properties of chemistry and physics
  • science is becoming more interdisciplinary
  • Characteristics of all Living things

     1. Cellular Organization (prokaryote and eukaryote)   2. Ordered Complexity (metabolic pathways)   3. Sensitivity to Environment (react/adapt)   4. Growth, Development, and Reproduction (fission)   5. Energy Utilization (reactions in a cell- exergonic)   6. Homeostasis (physiological responses that regulate normal conditions)   7. Evolutionary Adaptation (change overtime)

  • Hierarchical organization of living systems   * cellular level is the smallest   * cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism-population-community -ecosystem-biosphere   * Population: particular species in a particular place   * Community: interacting population   * Ecosystem: community plus physical environment   * Biosphere: all ecosystems together (Earth)Biosphere: all ecosystems together (Earth)
  • Nature of Science   * aims to understand the world through observation and reasoning.   * As Specific as possible   * Inductive Reasoning: from specific ideas to general ideas

    ex: establishing a cell theory   * Deductive Reasoning: from general to specific ideas

  • Independent Variable: the one that we change
  • Dependent Variable: result or what you measure
  • Scientific Theory- elevating conclusions to a level of theory
  • Evolution Theory: common ancestor an adapted
  • Biogenesis Theory: life only comes from life
  • Gene Theory: organisms have coded info that determine form, function and to some extent behavior
  • Darwin was not the first to propose evolution
  • Darwins contribution was a mechanism
  • Natural selection: is a mechanism for evolution; variation of a feature, certain versions are advantageous; it is heritable
  • We must have energy to exist
  • humans- food- sun- photosyntesis
  • Genome: entire set of DNA instructions
  • Gene: particular segment of DNA or discrete unit of inheritance
  • CENTRAL DOGMA
  • Reductionism: the general approach of biochemistry
  • Basic Research:
  • Applied Research
  • Taxonomy: The discipline of classifying organisms
  • Taxonomy Order: Kingdom, Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
  • King Philip Came Over For Great Soup
  • Domain: Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya
  • Archae and Bacteria: prokaryotic
  • Eukarya: Eukaryotic

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