UCSP: Social Institutions Kinship Ties and Social Networks
KINSHIP BY BLOOD
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
standardized patterns of behavior, norms, and subsystems that support a society’s survival.
Contemporary philosopher ROM HARRE (1979)
“As an interlocking double-structure of persons-as-role-holders or office-bearers and the like, and social practices involving both expressive and practical aims and outcomes.”
Social Institutions have fundamental functions. These are as follows:
Satisfy the basic needs of societies
Define social values
Establish permanent patterns of behavior;
Support other institutions; and
Provide roles for each individual.
FAMILY AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION
FAMILY is the basic unit of society.
It serves as the cornerstone for individuals to function daily and is a locus of their social activities.
KINSHIP
Refers to the web of social relationships that connect individuals through blood, marriage, or other social bonds.
Family
It is the basic unit of society.
It is a group of people related by consanguinity that maintains a close relationship with each other (Kingsley Davis).
Types of Families
Family of Orientation
a family in which a person is born and grows up with, usually as a child of two parents
Family of Procreation
a family that is formed through marriage, adoption, and other legal processes
Practices in Tracing Family Lineage
Unilineal System
exclusive identification to only one of the parent’s lineage
Bilateral System
people consider both the mother’s and father’s sides as their relatives
Patrilineal
a descent system that involves tracing lineage through the father’s side of the family.
Matrilineal
a descent system that involves tracing lineage through the mother’s side of the family.
Ambilineal Descent
This type allows individuals to trace their ancestry through either the father’s or the mother’s line, depending on the situation. This is common in some Southeast Asian culture.
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
Societies’ Rules for Marriage
Endogamy
It refers to the selection of a marriage partner within one’s social group
Exogamy
It refers to the selection of a marriage partner from a different social group.
Polygamy
It is a practice of marrying more than one partner.
polygyny
polyandry
Monogamy
It is a practice of having only one partner for a lifetime.
Patrilocal
The couple’s place of residence is near the groom’s ancestral home.
Matrilocal
The couple’s house is near the bride’s ancestral home.
Ambilocal
A practice where the couple has the freedom to choose where to live.
Neolocal
The couple’s place of residence does not consider the distance to their relatives of both parties.
KINSHIP BY RITUAL
Fictive Kinship
Kinship ties are formed through the following rituals:
baptism
weddings
religious confirmation
Relationships Created by Co-Parenthood
the bond between the parents and godparents
the relationship between the child or couple to the godparents
Compadrazgo system originated in the medieval Catholic church in Europe.
The compadrazgo system originated in Europe. This system is also the best example of how fictive kinship works. Unsurprisingly, we adapted this system when the Spaniards came to our country because they introduced us to Catholicism. It is also where the word compadre comes from, which some use to address a close friend or companion. It also creates a strong connection between people, and sometimes this system can also be seen or encountered in the place of work where close friends or compadres are given special treatment.
FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD
Household
A household refers to a group of people sharing a common house.
Nuclear family
The parents and the children occupy a single house.
Extended family
It includes other relatives in the house (e.g., aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins).
Cohabitation
It is the practice of sharing a household with unmarried couples.
Types of Families in the Contemporary World
Transnational
a family where one or more of its members live in different nations
Single-parent
a family where only one parent is responsible for his or her children’s welfare
Reconstituted
a family where at least one of the parents has children from a previous relationship
Annulment VS Divorce
Legal Separation
It allows the couple to stay in different households, but their marriage status is still considered valid.
Annulment
It nullifies or voids the marriage. An annulled marriage could be void from the beginning (void ab initio) or valid until annulled.
Divorce
It is the absolute termination of marriage, which means that the marriage was valid, but the couple decided to formally separate.
Grounds for Annulment and Legal Separation
The grounds for annulment include psychological incapacity (Article 36 of the Family Code), fraud, consent obtained under duress or by force (Article 45), and physical incapacity to consummate the marriage (Article 45).
Legal separation can be sought for reasons such as repeated physical abuse, drug addiction, sexual infidelity, and abandonment (Article 55 of the Family Code).
Effects of Divorce
The introduction of divorce in the Philippines could have significant legal, social, and economic effects.
Legally, it would require adjustments to family law, including provisions related to child custody, property division, and spousal support.
Socially, it could challenge traditional views on marriage and family.
Economically, it might impact the financial arrangements between spouses, especially concerning alimony and child support
POLITICS OF KINSHIP
Politics among Family Members
patriarchal
the father plays a dominant role in decision-making and managing the family
matriarchal
the mother plays a dominant role in decision-making and managing the family
egalitarian
both the mother and the father are involved in decision-making and managing the family
Two Types of Political Dynasty
Vertical political dynasties
Politicians from the same family hold different positions in the government at the same time
Horizontal political dynasties
The members of the same family hold the same position over time.
Nepotism
It is the act of giving favor to family members, especially by giving them jobs.
Cooperation among Families
Alliances are made between families to further protect their wealth and power.
Creating alliances is a more common way of forming kinship ties than tracing descent (Claude Levi-Strauss).
Incest
It refers to the practice of marrying a member of the same family.
KINSHIP BY BLOOD
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
standardized patterns of behavior, norms, and subsystems that support a society’s survival.
Contemporary philosopher ROM HARRE (1979)
“As an interlocking double-structure of persons-as-role-holders or office-bearers and the like, and social practices involving both expressive and practical aims and outcomes.”
Social Institutions have fundamental functions. These are as follows:
Satisfy the basic needs of societies
Define social values
Establish permanent patterns of behavior;
Support other institutions; and
Provide roles for each individual.
FAMILY AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION
FAMILY is the basic unit of society.
It serves as the cornerstone for individuals to function daily and is a locus of their social activities.
KINSHIP
Refers to the web of social relationships that connect individuals through blood, marriage, or other social bonds.
Family
It is the basic unit of society.
It is a group of people related by consanguinity that maintains a close relationship with each other (Kingsley Davis).
Types of Families
Family of Orientation
a family in which a person is born and grows up with, usually as a child of two parents
Family of Procreation
a family that is formed through marriage, adoption, and other legal processes
Practices in Tracing Family Lineage
Unilineal System
exclusive identification to only one of the parent’s lineage
Bilateral System
people consider both the mother’s and father’s sides as their relatives
Patrilineal
a descent system that involves tracing lineage through the father’s side of the family.
Matrilineal
a descent system that involves tracing lineage through the mother’s side of the family.
Ambilineal Descent
This type allows individuals to trace their ancestry through either the father’s or the mother’s line, depending on the situation. This is common in some Southeast Asian culture.
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
Societies’ Rules for Marriage
Endogamy
It refers to the selection of a marriage partner within one’s social group
Exogamy
It refers to the selection of a marriage partner from a different social group.
Polygamy
It is a practice of marrying more than one partner.
polygyny
polyandry
Monogamy
It is a practice of having only one partner for a lifetime.
Patrilocal
The couple’s place of residence is near the groom’s ancestral home.
Matrilocal
The couple’s house is near the bride’s ancestral home.
Ambilocal
A practice where the couple has the freedom to choose where to live.
Neolocal
The couple’s place of residence does not consider the distance to their relatives of both parties.
KINSHIP BY RITUAL
Fictive Kinship
Kinship ties are formed through the following rituals:
baptism
weddings
religious confirmation
Relationships Created by Co-Parenthood
the bond between the parents and godparents
the relationship between the child or couple to the godparents
Compadrazgo system originated in the medieval Catholic church in Europe.
The compadrazgo system originated in Europe. This system is also the best example of how fictive kinship works. Unsurprisingly, we adapted this system when the Spaniards came to our country because they introduced us to Catholicism. It is also where the word compadre comes from, which some use to address a close friend or companion. It also creates a strong connection between people, and sometimes this system can also be seen or encountered in the place of work where close friends or compadres are given special treatment.
FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD
Household
A household refers to a group of people sharing a common house.
Nuclear family
The parents and the children occupy a single house.
Extended family
It includes other relatives in the house (e.g., aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins).
Cohabitation
It is the practice of sharing a household with unmarried couples.
Types of Families in the Contemporary World
Transnational
a family where one or more of its members live in different nations
Single-parent
a family where only one parent is responsible for his or her children’s welfare
Reconstituted
a family where at least one of the parents has children from a previous relationship
Annulment VS Divorce
Legal Separation
It allows the couple to stay in different households, but their marriage status is still considered valid.
Annulment
It nullifies or voids the marriage. An annulled marriage could be void from the beginning (void ab initio) or valid until annulled.
Divorce
It is the absolute termination of marriage, which means that the marriage was valid, but the couple decided to formally separate.
Grounds for Annulment and Legal Separation
The grounds for annulment include psychological incapacity (Article 36 of the Family Code), fraud, consent obtained under duress or by force (Article 45), and physical incapacity to consummate the marriage (Article 45).
Legal separation can be sought for reasons such as repeated physical abuse, drug addiction, sexual infidelity, and abandonment (Article 55 of the Family Code).
Effects of Divorce
The introduction of divorce in the Philippines could have significant legal, social, and economic effects.
Legally, it would require adjustments to family law, including provisions related to child custody, property division, and spousal support.
Socially, it could challenge traditional views on marriage and family.
Economically, it might impact the financial arrangements between spouses, especially concerning alimony and child support
POLITICS OF KINSHIP
Politics among Family Members
patriarchal
the father plays a dominant role in decision-making and managing the family
matriarchal
the mother plays a dominant role in decision-making and managing the family
egalitarian
both the mother and the father are involved in decision-making and managing the family
Two Types of Political Dynasty
Vertical political dynasties
Politicians from the same family hold different positions in the government at the same time
Horizontal political dynasties
The members of the same family hold the same position over time.
Nepotism
It is the act of giving favor to family members, especially by giving them jobs.
Cooperation among Families
Alliances are made between families to further protect their wealth and power.
Creating alliances is a more common way of forming kinship ties than tracing descent (Claude Levi-Strauss).
Incest
It refers to the practice of marrying a member of the same family.