ABPSYCH CH. 2

  1. Multidimensional Integrative Approach – A holistic view of psychopathology.

  2. Genes – DNA segments influencing traits and behavior.

  3. Diathesis-Stress Model – Disorders arise from genetic vulnerability plus stress.

  4. Vulnerability – Susceptibility to developing a disorder.

  5. Gene-Environment Correlation Model – Genes influence exposure to environments that trigger disorders.

  6. Epigenetics – Environmental factors influencing gene expression.

  7. Neuroscience – The study of the nervous system and brain function.

  8. Neuron – A nerve cell transmitting signals in the brain.

  9. Action Potentials – Electrical signals in neurons.

  10. Terminal Button – The end of a neuron that releases neurotransmitters.

  11. Synaptic Cleft – The gap between neurons where neurotransmitters pass.

  12. Neurotransmitters – Chemical messengers in the brain.

  13. Excitatory – Neurotransmitters that increase neural activity.

  14. Inhibitory – Neurotransmitters that decrease neural activity.

  15. Hormone – Chemical messengers in the bloodstream affecting behavior.

  16. Brain Circuits – Pathways of neurons influencing behavior and emotion.

  17. Agonist – A substance that enhances neurotransmitter effects.

  18. Antagonist – A substance that blocks neurotransmitter effects.

  19. Inverse Agonist – A substance that produces effects opposite to a neurotransmitter.

  20. Reuptake – The reabsorption of neurotransmitters after signal transmission.

  21. Glutamate – An excitatory neurotransmitter.

  22. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) – An inhibitory neurotransmitter reducing anxiety.

  23. Serotonin – A neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, and behavior.

  24. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) – A neurotransmitter involved in alertness and stress response.

  25. Dopamine – A neurotransmitter linked to pleasure, motivation, and movement.

  26. Microbiota – Gut bacteria influencing mental health.

  27. Brain-Gut Connection – Interaction between digestive and nervous systems affecting mood.

  28. Cognitive Science – The study of thought processes and learning.

  29. Learned Helplessness – Passive behavior after repeated failure.

  30. Modeling (Observational Learning) – Learning through observing others.

  31. Prepared Learning – Evolutionary learning advantages.

  32. Implicit Memory – Unconscious memory influencing behavior.

  33. Fight or Flight Response – Automatic response to danger.

  34. Emotion – A complex psychological state influencing behavior.

  35. Mood – Long-term emotional state.

  36. Affect – Immediate emotional expression.

  37. Circumplex Model – A framework for categorizing emotions.

  38. Equifinality – Different paths leading to the same outcome.

Flashcards Creation:

  • Definition: Flashcards are a study aid that use a question or prompt on one side and the answer or information on the reverse side.

  • Purpose: Designed to help memorize information quickly through active recall and spaced repetition.

  • Types: Can include definitions, vocabulary, concepts, dates, or any information that benefits from quick recall.

  • Format: Usually simple and concise to facilitate focus on key information.

  • Technique: Use high-quality images or keywords for improved memory retention.