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Modern Age Overview

• Modern Age: Often characterized by significant revolutions in technology, culture, and society.

Social Control

• Definition: The process by which groups regulate themselves based on shared values and beliefs.

• Functions: Aims to prevent negative deviance (actions against established norms).

• Key Influencers:

  • Family

  • Culture

  • Justice System

  • Economic Factors (Money)

  • City-States

  • Belief Systems

Stages of Societal Development

• Pre-Modern Society:

  • Emphasis on strong traditional values.

  • Limited social mobility.

  • Reliance on established hierarchies.

• Modern Society:

  • Marked by rapid technological advancements.

  • Increased focus on individualism.

  • Belief in progress.

• Post-Modern Society:

  • Society questions absolute truths.

  • Embraces plurality and diversity.

Job Specialization and Art

• Job Market:

  • Pre-Modern: Few specialized jobs, strong moral identity.

  • Modern: Industries grow, emphasize exclusivity and high art.

  • Post-Modern: Inclusivity becomes prominent, leads to movements like pop art.

Social Structure as an Institution

• Modernity: Social structures once crucial.

• Post-Modernity: Rejection of rigid social structures.

Media Influence

• Modern Media:

  • People mainly respond to, often in a one-way communication model.

  • Post-Modern media introduces hyperreality, altering perceptions of reality.

Anthropocene Epoch

• Current Condition: Humans as the dominant species significantly altering the planet.

  • Impacts:

    • Climate change

    • Habitat destruction

    • Alteration of geological and biological processes.

Historical Perspective on Human Impact

• Homo sapiens Evolution: 200,000 years with pronounced effects on Earth.

• Great Acceleration: Significant modifications noted in the past 60 years:

  • Increased CO2 emissions and pollution.

• Human Actions: Linking agriculture, urbanization, deforestation, and technological development to climate change.

Anthropocene Markers

• Industrial Revolution: Seen as a potential beginning of the Anthropocene due to fossil fuel dependency.

• Agriculture: Farming practices leading to significant ecological changes.

• Nuclear Origin: 1950s highlighted with radioactive debris marking human impact.

Plastic Pollution

• Plastic's Role: Non-biodegradable and infiltrating natural environments, altering ecosystems.

Diverse Meanings of Anthropocene

• Many Interpretations: Varying significance in cultural and scientific realms.

• Awareness: Recognition of human interference as central to the Anthropocene narrative.

Climate Change Awareness

• Strong association with human activity as the prime cause of global warming.

• The first mass extinction caused by one species (humans), marking a significant moment in Earth’s history.

Structural Stages of the Anthropocene

1. Pre-Anthropocene: Initial human impact (e.g., fire-stick farming).

2. Anthropocene Stage 1 (c. 1800-1945): Rise of the internal combustion engine.

3. Anthropocene Stage 2 (1945-2010): Great Acceleration and global networks.

4. Anthropocene Stage 3 (2010-present): Uncertain future paths.

Innovation Overview

• Definition: The process of making changes to create or improve something.

• Drivers:

  • Increased exchange networks.

  • Improvements in transportation and communication.

  • Strong incentives for innovation.

Historical Context of Innovation

• Notable Figures: Individuals like Prince Henry and Zheng He contributing to navigational advances and global trade dynamics.

First Industrial Revolution

• Timeline: Began in Great Britain (1700s-1800s).

• Characteristics:

  • Introduction of machinery, like the steam engine.

  • Shift from agrarian to industrial economies.

Key Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

• Steam Engine: Revolutionized transportation and manufacturing.

• Electric Generators: Major developments leading to modern electrical systems.

• Telegraph and Telephone: Foundations for modern communication.

Economic Impact of Industrial Revolution

• Growth: Increased production and consumption; creation of financial systems.

• Population Growth: Decreased mortality rates leading to population changes.

• Social Disparities: Rise in economic inequality and poor working conditions.

Transition to Modern Industry (Industry 4.0)

• Evolution from mechanization to automation and digital technologies, shaping contemporary production.

Social Changes Post-industrialization

• Increased urbanization leading to notable environmental and societal challenges: housing conditions, gender inequality, and labor issues.

Philosophical Perspectives on Technology

• Essence of Technology: Understanding technology as a mode of revealing and shaping our reality.

• Cultural Critique: Examining modern civilization's direction and ethical implications of technological advancement.

Post-Modernism Overview

• Definition: A cultural and philosophical movement questioning modernity’s rationality and absolute truths.

• Critique of Modernism: Acknowledges failures leading to global conflicts and environmental crises.

• Globalization: Facilitates cultural hybridity and challenges national identities.

Filipino Psychology

• Indigenous Roots: Psychological constructs derived from the Filipino experience, cultural practices, and community interactions.

• Key Values: Emphasis on community, shared humanity, and relational constructs like "Kapwa" reflecting interconnectedness.

• Cultural Psychology Methods: Engage community participation in research, reflecting local experiences and narratives.