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Religion - The means by which human society and culture is extended to include the nonhuman
Elements of Religion
Cosmology - An explanation for the origin or history of the world
Belief in the supernatural - Realm beyond direct human experience
Rules governing behavior - Proper conduct, morality
Ritual - Practices or ceremonies that serve a religious purpose
Rites of Passage - A ceremony designed to transition individuals between life stages
Stages
Xhosa Communities - A community in South Africa that practices a rite of passage to transition teenage boys into manhood.
Isolation - A liminal phase during which individuals do not talk to anyone other than boys who are also undergoing the rite of passage.
Rites of Intensification - Actions designed to bring a community together (communitas)
Nagol Land Diving Ceremony - This is a dramatic example of a Rite of Intensification held on the island of Pentecost in Vanuatu in the South Pacific. Men from the community construct wooden towers 60 to 80 feet high, tie ropes made from tree vines around their ankles, and jump head-first toward the ground to impress the spirits and ensure a good harvest.
Revitalization rituals - Solving serious problems through supernatural intervention
Cargo Cult - describe rituals that seek to attract material prosperity, like the John Frum ritual, but the term is not preferred by anthropologists because it oversimplifies the complex motivations involved in the ritual.
Practitioners - specialist practitioners charged with responsibility for supervising the details of religious rituals, and they have a high social status and are treated with great respect.
Three Categorizes
Filial piety - a tradition requiring that the young provide care for the elderly and in some cases ancestral spirits
Sorcerer - an individual who seeks to use magic for his or her own purposes
Zoomorphic - an object or being that has animal characteristics
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