Exam 2

Basic functions of the respiratory system:

  • gas exchange (O2, CO2)

  • pH regulation

  • olfaction (sense of smell)

  • filter inspired air

  • phonation (sound production)

Why do cells need oxygen?

  • for cellular respiration → to make ATP

What is Cellular respiration?

  • process in which nutrients are converted to useful energy for the cell

  • generates ATP

  • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

The respiratory system anatomy is classified by _____ or _____

  • Structure or function

2 zones in respiratory system anatomy [functionally]

  1. Conducting zone

  2. Respiratory zone

what is the conducting zone?

  • site that moves air in/out of lungs

    • nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles [only moving air]

what is the respiratory zone?

  • site of gas exchange

    • respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

How is the respiratory system anatomy separated structurally?

  • upper / lower respiratory system

what are the organs in the upper respiratory tract?

  • nasal cavity

  • pharynx

what are the organs in the lower respiratory tract?

  • larynx

  • trachea

  • primary bronchi

  • lungs

all of the respiratory tract is lined with?

  • Cilia / Ciliated mucous membranes

  • constantly swallowing bits of mucus that are coming from below and up above

  • all move in unison

Cilia in upper respiratory tract move mucous and trapped particles where?

  • down toward pharynx

Cilia in lower respiratory tract move mucous and trapped particles where?

  • up toward pharynx

Why does cilia in upper/lower respiratory tract move mucous and trapped particles down/up toward pharynx?

  • because it continually almost wash with mucus with these surfaces

    • if sick — you’re gonna end up coughing out or spitting out

  • always moving the stuff trapped in your mucus towards the pharynx

Other name for pharynx

  • Throat

structure of Larynx (voice box)

  • contains vocal chords

  • 2 inch tube

Larynx (voice box) function

  • deglutition

    • airway closes when you swallow

  • respiration/ventilation

  • phonation

Trachea function

  • move air in and out of the lungs

  • lined with cilia

    • push stuff up because the pharynx is now superior to trachea

Trachea structure

  • tube that doesn’t change in size because it needs to be the same size

  • pretty big so we don’t reduce the airflow into the lungs/of the lungs

Lungs receive blood from…?

  • pulmonary arteries

  • bronchial arteries

what are pulmonary arteries?

  • low O2 blood / deoxygenated blood from right ventricle

what are bronchial arteries?

  • high O2 blood / oxygenated blood from left ventricle