Skin disorders and diseases

Primary Lesions of the Skin: 

• Bulla: Large Blister that contains water

• Cyst: Closed Sac contains pus

• Macule: Flat spot that is discolored

• Nodule: Large solid hard bump

• Papule: Small elevation may contain pus

• Pustule: Raised lesion colored white or yellow 

• Tumor: Abnormal Mass varying in size

• Vesicle: Small Blister containing clear fluid

• Wheal: Swollen hive caused by allergy 

Secondary Lesions of the Skin: 

• Crust: Dead cells occur over wounds

• Excoriation: Abrasion caused by scratching 

• Fissure: Deep crack that enters Dermis. 

•  Keloid: Thick Scar with excessive tissue

• Scale: Excessive dry skin that flakes

• Scar: Raised mark after injury 

• Ulcer: Open lesion that weeps fluids

Sebaceous Glands 

• Open Comedo-  Black head closed hair follicle 

• Closed Comedo- White Head closed hair Follicle 

• Milia- Keratin filled cysts under epidermis 

• Acne- Chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands

• Sebaceous Cysts- Large pocket filled with Sebum

• Seborrheic Dermatitis- Dry or Oily scaling 

• Rosacea- Redness on cheeks and nose

Sudoriferous Glands

• Anhidrosis- Inability to sweat

• Bromidrosis- Smelly perspiration caused by bacteria

• Hyperhidrosis- Excessive sweating caused from heat

• Miliaria Rubra- Heat rash burning, itching

List common infections and inflammations of the skin. Try to describe each with five words or less. 5 points

• Conjunctivitis- Pink eye is bacterial infection 

• Dermatitis- inflammatory of the skin

• Eczema- Scaling and itching skin disease 

• Herpes Simplex 1- Viral infection as in cold sores 

• Impetigo- Bacterial infection has weeping lesions

• Psoriasis- Red and white scales 

List pigment disorders. Try to describe in five words or less. 10 points

• Hyperpigmentation- Darker splotches then normal tone

• Hypopigmentation- White splotches; absent of pigment 

• Albinism: No Melanin pigment 

• Chloasma- hyperpigmentation caused by sun exposure 

• Lentigines- Freckles

• Leukoderma- White patches caused by burn

• Nevus- Brithmark; small or large

• Stain- Circle Brown or red patches 

• Tan- Pigmentation caused by the sun

• Vitiligo- Hypopigment splotches they are white

List the Hypertrophies of the skin. Try to describe in five words or less. 5 points

• Keratoma- Thickened patch on epiderms; callus

• Skin Tag- Flesh colored growths on skin

• Verruca- Wart; caused by virus

List and describe the three types of skin cancer (try describing with as few words as you can) and list the ABCDE cancer checklist. 5 points

• Starts as a mole

• Basal Carcinoma- Light or pearly nodules; most common

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma- Scaly red papules can spread 

• Malignant Melanoma- Black or dark brown patches; uneven in texture 

  • A- Asymmetry

  • B- Border (smooth or jagged edges)

  • C- Color ( of the area/mole)

  • D- Diameter 

  • E- Evolving (is the area changing)

• List the factors of Intrinsic and Extrinsic of aging. Explain the difference between the two. 10 points

  • Intrinsic: Skin aging factors that we have very little control over

    • Gravity

    • Genetics 

    • Ethnicity 

    • Our facial expressions 

  • Extrinsic: Environmental Factors that aid in aging. We could be responsible for some

    • Sun Exposure

    • Smoking

    • Overused on alcoholic

    • Mixing smoking and alcohol together 

    • Stress

    • Poor nutrition 

    • Exposure to pollution 

• List the two types of contact dermatitis and explain how they differ. 5 points

  • Allergic Contact Dermatitis- When someone has or develops an allergy to an ingredient or chemical

  • Irritant contact Dermatitis- Happens when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis

• These are different types because one is allergic to a substance causing the allergic reaction and irritant is skin inflammation from repeated exposure.