Lab Interpretation/ MED SURG
BMP- basic metabolic panel: electrolytes, kidney function
Glucose
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
CO2
Chloride
BUN
Creatinine
CMP- complete metabolic panel: electrolytes, glucose, kidney function, liver function, bilirubin
CBC- complete blood count: looking at blood volume
Anticoagulant Therapy Labs- to monitor when taking anticoagulants
Glucose
70-100 normal range
HYPO less than 40mg/dL critical
HYPER greater than 400mg/dL critical
LABS CANNOT READ BLOOD SUGAR ABOVE 999
Calcium CA
8.4-10.2/8.5-10.5 mg/dL normal
less than 7mg/dL critical hypocalcemia
Greater than 12mg/dL critical hypercalcemia
coming from blood stream
important for nerve conduction, coagulation, and muscle contractions
Sodium (NA)
135-145 mEq/L normal
less than 120 mEq/L critical hyponatremia
greater than 160 mEq/L critical hypernatremia
low sodium? think about the brain, cellular edema, dehydration
Potassium (K)=heart
3.5-5.3 mEq/L normal
less than 2.5 mEq/L critical hypokalemia
greater than 6.2 mEq/L critical hyperkalemia
DEADLY ARRYTHEMIAS
important for muscle contraction, especially of the heart, and fluid balance
Carbon Dioxide
22-26 mEq/L normal
less than 15mEq/L critical
greater than 40mEq/L critical
Chloride CL
97-107mEq/L normal
less than 80 mEq/L critical
greater than 115mEq/L critical
congestive heart failure-low CL
kidney- low or high CL
Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN): + creatinine = kidneys/function
5-20mg/dL normal
Greater than 100mg/dL critical
high BUN/creatinine = kidney failure
Creatinine CR
Normal Findings: 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL
Critical Findings: Greater than 7.4mg/dL
Complete Blood Count CBC
- red blood cells
-white blood cells
-hemoglobin
-hemacrit
-platelets
White Blood cell count WBC
4.5-11 normal
less than 2 critical
greater than 30 critical
infection/inflammation
leukocytosis:
continuous antibiotic use:
Neutrophil high- bacterial infection
neutropenic
Lymphocytes high- viral infection/ lymphoma
monocytes high- bacterial infection
Red blood cell count RBC
female
3.6-5.1 normal
male
4.2-5.8 normal
polycythemia= too high//could cause stroke
anemia= too low
Hemoglobin HBG
normal findings 12-18 total
female 11.7-15.5 g/dL
male 14-17.3 g/dL
critical less than 6.6 g/dL greater than 20 g/dL
x3 = hemocrit
Hematocrit HCT
Normal Findings:
Female – 36%-48%
Male – 42%-52%
Critical Findings:
Less than 19.8%
Greater than 60%
Platlets PLT
You need platelets to clot
normal 140,000-400,000
critical less than 30,000
critical greater than 1,000,000
if platlets are too low they are at risk for bleeding out
if redblood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin are too low it means you are NOT at risk for bleeding you already have!
Anticoagulant therapy labs
PT- protothembin time
normal 9-11.7 seconds for blood to clot
critical greater than 27 seconds
INR- International Normalized Ratio
normal 0.9-1.2
critical findings greater than 5
Troponin=heart attack
produced by the heart muscle, only released into blood bloodstream when PT has an MI
normal finding less than 0.05
Brain Natriuretic Peptide BNP
normal less than 100pg/mL
Great measure for congestive heart failure
Magnesium MG
normal 1.6-2.2mg/dL
Critical Findings:
less than 1.2 mg/dL
greater than 4.3 mg/dL
nerve impulses/relaxation
control sodium, potassium, phosphorus absorption
Albumin
normal findings 3.7-5.1m/dL
main protein in the body- produced in the liver
holding fluid in the vascular space
Liver disease: Low albumin it will seep out
LIPID PANEL
Cholesterol, total
• Less than 200 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) HAPPYGOOD
• Greater than 60 mg/dL
LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) LOWSYBAD
• Less than 100 mg/dL
Triglycerides
• Less than 150 mg/dL
Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH
0.4-4.2
tsh = high = hypothyroid
tsh= low = hyperthyroid
Exam 1 ranges for all labs and what they go with
do not have to know the symptoms of high and low
potassium value: roughly 3.5-5