psychology Unit 1 Exam

What is psychology and what kind of topics do psychologist study?

  • psychology is a scientific study of behavior and mental processes

  • Psychologist rely on scientific research methods and answer questions

  • Any observable behavior or mental process can be studied by psychologist with a focus on either basic or applied research

How did the study of psychology as science get started?

  • Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of modern psychology, because he established a lab and used experimental methods to study consciousness

  • Edward B Tichner introduced structuralism the theory that the structure of conscious experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations

  • Gestalt psychology emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

  • William James introduced functionalism the theory that explored the way consciousness helps people adapt to their environment

In what ways did the 20th century psychologist how psychology was studied?

  • Sigmon Froy introduced psychoanalysis a theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. Freud new approach to understanding behavior, and some of the ideas that develops from it have been incorporated into psychodynamic theory, which is a modernized version of Freud’s original theories.

  • Ivan Pavlov fostered interest in studying observable behavior by reporting how animals learn in certain situations

  • John B Watson introduced behaviorism. The theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors not mental processes. Behaviorism was the most dominant school of thought in psychology during the 20th century, and was later adapted and expanded by other behaviorist, such as BF Skinner.

  • Humanist such as Abraham, Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasize conscious experience as the proper focus of psychology. They believed that humans have free will, and that healthy people strive to reach their full potential.

  • Gene Piaget pioneering research in developmental psychology, focused on how children develop their thinking abilities

How did psychology, groundbreaking, move, psychology forward and help advanced, gender and equality?

  • Stanley Paul was the first American to receive a doctoral degree PhD in psychology. He opened the first psychology laboratory in the United States, and was the first American psychological association president.

  • Mary Whiton Calkins what is the first woman to qualify for a PhD in psychology and was elected president of the APA in 1905

  • Margaret Floyd Washburn was the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology

  • Francis Cecil Sumner was the first African-American to receive a PhD in psychology

  • Inez Beverly Prosser was the first African-American woman to earn an EDD in psychology

  • Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark were educational psychologists, whose research was used during the brown vs board of education, supreme court case

  • Psychology, values, the diversity of perspectives people from different backgrounds bring to research and application of science

How do six psychological theories, explain thinking and behavior?

  • Psychological perspectives, describe the ways in which psychologist view, thinking, and behavior. Many historical theories were forerunners to one or more modern perspectives

  • Psychological perspectives, include the psychodynamic, behavioral humanistic, cognitive, biological and social culture perspectives

  • Psychodynamic psychologist, focus on how behavior springs from unconscious strives in conflict

  • Behavioral psychologist believe we learn responses through rewards punishments and observation

  • Humanistic psychologist, focus on how healthy people strive to reach their potential

  • The cognitive perspective focuses on how people think they take in process store and retrieve information

  • The biological perspective focuses on physical structures and substances, underlying particular behavior, thought or emotion

  • The culture perspective focuses on thinking or behavior changes in different situations, or as a result of culture influences

What are the basic ideas of the psychology developing areas?

  • Behavior genetics focuses on how our genes and environment influence are individual differences a combination of biology and behaviorism

  • Evolutionary psychology focuses on behaviors that help our ancestors survive and combine, biological, psychological, and social theories of human behavior

  • Positive psychology focuses on the study of optimal human functioning, and the factors and allow individual communities to thrive

What do we research intended to increase the scientific knowledge base? Basic research

Which theory attempts to understand, conscious experience by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts? Structuralism

Why do psychoanalysts call a miss statement. Reflective of something you’d like to say? Freudian Slip

Which kind of psychology focuses on the study of conscious experience and in individuals capacity for personal growth?

Humanistic

Which of the following psychologist is most closely associated with the client centered therapy? Carl Rogers

Which of the following psychologist presented research on internalized racism, helping a Supreme Court and legislate racial segregation? Kenneth and Mamie Clark.

Which psychological school of thought focuses on how people think? Cognitive

Elliot helps his little sister because he has learned that rewards come to those who help which of the following perspectives is illustrated in the scenario? Behavioral

Research from which of the following areas has shown that student achievement increases when students are taught how to be resilient? Positive psychology.

Which of the following questions would most likely be asked by an evolutionary psychologist? How does a certain behavior help us survive?

Define psychology

Define basic research

Define applied research

Define structuralism

Define gestalt psychology

Define functionalism

Define psychoanalysis

Define behaviorism

Define humanistic psychology

Define cognitive perspective

Define biological perspective

Define social culture perspective

Define behavior genetics

Define evolutionary psychology

Define positive psychology

Define Wilhelm Wundt

Define Edward B Titchener

Define William James

Define Sigmund Freud

Define Ivan Pavlov

Define John B Watson

Define B.F. Skinner

Define Abraham Maslow

Define Carl Rogers

Define Jean Piaget

Define Kenneth Clark and Mamie, Phipps, Clark