Lesson 1 - 8 | NSTP 1

Week 2 | National Service Training Program (RA9163)

NSTP Components:

ROTC – Reserve Officer Training Corps

CWTS – Civic Welfare Training Service

LTS – Literacy Training Service

NSTP ACT of 2001 (RA 9163) – addressed the public demand for reforms in ROTC and NSP programs; Emphasized military nature in national service training to adapt to the changing needs.

NSTP’s Main Objectives:

To stress the role of youth in nation building through national service training.

Aims to develop the youth into civic or military leaders.

Focuses on preparing youth for service during national emergencies or disasters.

Equal Treatment Across Components – ensures equal attention to Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS), Literacy Training Service, and ROTC; Defines the training duration, coverage, and implementation.

National Service Training in the Philippines started with the National Defense Act of 1935.

1980 Amendments – Presidential Decree No. 1706 made national service mandatory for all Filipino citizens.

ROTC Program – Aimed to supplement the military with a strong civilian base. Trained students in military skills and discipline for emergencies.

Constitutional Basis – The Philippine Constitution states that the defense of the state is a prime duty of the government and citizens. Citizens may be required by law to render military or civil service.

NSTP Act of 2001 – Mandates all citizens to fulfill their civic duty through the NSTP. Prepares the youth for defense and contributes to the country's orderly society.

Week 3 | Good Citizenship

The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines Article III: Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights –

Ø       It is a constitutional enumeration of rights and privilege guaranteed by the State to all persons within its territory.

Ø       It is the statement of individual liberties which citizens, residents and sojourners in the country enjoy abuses in against the exercise of government power.

Ø       it is the people's shield against government abuse.

Articles: Bill of Rights –

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of law.

Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects againsts unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesss he may produce, and particulary describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Section 3. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.

Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.

Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.

Section 12.

1. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.

2. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited.

3. Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him.

4. The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this Section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion Perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.

Section 14.

1. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.

2. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, Impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused: Provided, that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.

Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it.

Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.

Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Section 18.

1. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.

2. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

Section 19. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.

The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.

Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a

just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and

aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and

secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy

under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace,

do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

MAKA-DIYOS CLUSTER

Ø       Faith in the Almighty God

Ø       Respect for life

Ø       Order

Ø       Work

Ø       Concern for the Family and Future Generation

MAKATAO CLUSTER

Ø       Love

Ø       Freedom

Ø       Peace

Ø       Truth

Ø       Justice

MAKABAYAN CLUSTER

Ø       Unity

Ø       Equality

MAKAKALIKASAN CLUSTER

Ø       Concern for the environment

Nationalism – It is the attitude that the members of a nation have which includes the concept of national identity such as common origin, ethnicity and cultural ties.

Patriotism - is the love and devotion to one’s country.

Republic Act No. 8491 – an act prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines.

Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao – the three stars represent the three main regions of the Philippines.

Patriotism and Justice – it is the words that symbolizes the blue stripes of the Philippine flag.

Red – represents valor and the blood spilt for independence and freedom.

Sun – represents independence.

8 Sun Rays – represents the eight provinces that led the uprise against Spanish rule.

Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Manila, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac – it is the 8 places that represents the 8 sun rays in the Philippine flag.

Times of Peace – it’s when the flag displayed on a flagpole have the blue field on top; when hanging vertically, the sun and stars are on top while the blue field is in the left.

Times of War - it’s when the flag displayed on a flagpole have the red field on top; when hanging vertically, the sun and stars are on top while the blue field is in the right.

Flag Protocol - The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residences, public plazas and schools everyday throughout the year. It must permanently hoisted and illuminated at night as the following locations.

Half-Mast Rule - The flag must be raised to the top of the pole before it is lowered to the half-mast position; and before it is lowered for the day it must be raised to the top again.

Lesson 3 | Drugs and Substances

P. J. O’Rourke – he said that “Anyway, no drug, not even alcohol, causes the fundamental ills of society. If we're looking for the source of our troubles, we shouldn't test people for drugs, we should test them for stupidity, ignorance, greed and love of power.”

Drug Abuse Prevention – is crucial for controlling and stopping drug abuse. It involves raising awareness, education, and implementing strategies.

Key Reasons for Youth Drug Abuse –

Ø       Lack of Family Guidance

Ø       Adolescent Vulnerabilities

Ø       Emotional Instability

Drug – is a chemical substance that brings about physical, emotional, or behavioral change in a person taking it.

Drug Abuse – is the use of chemical substances, licit or illicit, which results in an individual's physical, mental, or social impairment.

Type of Drugs:

Stimulants - Increase alertness and energy (e.g., amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine).

Hallucinogens (Psychedelics) – Alter perception and emotions (e.g., LSD, mescaline, marijuana).

Sedatives - Reduce anxiety and excitement (e.g., barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol).

Narcotics - Relieve pain and induce sleep (e.g., opium, morphine, heroin).

International Narcotics Control Board –

Ø       INCB Acronym

Ø       based in Vienna and established by the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, monitors and supports government compliance with international drug control treaties

Vienna NGO Committee on Drugs –

Ø       VNGOC Acronym

Ø       founded in 1983, links NGOs with agencies involved in drug policy.

Shabu – is the most commonly abused drug in the Philippines, affecting brain function by altering dopamine activity, leading to reduced motor skills and impaired verbal learning.

Ecstasy - an illegal drug containing MDMA, acts as both a stimulant and hallucinogen, making it popular at parties. It comes in powder, capsules, or pills, often with various ingredients added to bind and extend the drug. These pills are produced illegally in numerous shapes, colors, and with different logos, which appeal particularly to young people and help build a following for specific labs.

Marijuana - is abundant in the Philippines but has declined in local popularity since the 1990s. Most of it is produced for export to markets in East Asia, the Pacific, Australia, Europe, and the U.S.

Drug Trafficking – Methamphetamine hydrochloride, shabu, is smuggled into the or Philippines via seaports, airports, mail, and the extensive coastline. Major seizures include 158 kilograms in container vans at Manila International Container Port in 1999.

Foreign Involvement - Foreign nationals, particularly Chinese, play a significant role in large drug seizures. In 2017, 77 foreign nationals were arrested, with Chinese consistently representing the majority.

The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency – PDEA Acronym

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 - Intensify and sustain the government's campaign against drug trafficking and abuse through comprehensive planning, implementation, and enforcement.

R.A. 9165 - replaces the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 (R.A. 6425).

Legislation Details

PD 1619 - Regulates volatile solvents.

RA 9165 - Guides the implementation of drug prevention and control measures

Module 4 | Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

PD 1566 OF 1978 - The basic law that guides the disaster management programs, projects and strategies implementation in the country.

RA 10121

Philippine Disaster Risk and Reduction Management – PDRRM Acronym

PDRRM ACT OF 2010 - "An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster.

Office Of The Civil Defense (OCD) - the implementing arm of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, shall have the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program by providing leadership in the continuous development of strategic techniques.

Organizational Network - P.D. 1566 and R.A. 10121, is carried out at various political subdivisions and administrative regions of the country through the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).

Disaster management -  refers to the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate return to normalcy and redevelopment.

Natural Disasters

Avalanches - happen when a lot of snow suddenly falls down a mountain or when the weather changes and causes the snow to become unstable.

Earthquakes - happen when tectonic plates move. The ground shakes and moves when the tectonic plates get stuck, and pressure builds up.

Volcanic eruptions - happen when hot molten rock, ash, and gas come out of a volcano.

Floods - happen when there is too much water in one place. This can happen when it rains a lot or when a river or lake overflows.

Tsunamis - are giant waves that happen when there is a big disturbance in the ocean, like an earthquake or volcanic eruption.

Cyclonic Storm - Cyclone, tropical cyclone, hurricane, and typhoon are different names for the same phenomenon, which is a cyclonic storm system that forms over the oceans.

Thunderstorm - Severe storms, dust clouds, and volcanic eruptions can generate lightning.

Bushfires - occur when a fire starts and spreads quickly in a natural area with lots of trees, bushes, and grass.

Human-Made Disasters -

Criminality - Behavior which puts others at risk of injury or death is universally regarded criminal and is a breach of the law for which the universally legal authority may impose some form of penalty, such as imprisonment, a fine, or even execution.

Civil Disorder - Civil disorder is a broad term that is epically used by law enforcement to describe forms of disturbance when many people are involved and are set upon a common aim.

Terrorism - The common definition of terrorism is the use or threatened use of violence for the purpose of creating fear to achieve a political, religious, or ideological goal.

War - is a conflict between relatively large groups of people, which involves physical force inflicted by the use of weapons.

Waste Disposal - In managing waste many hazardous materials are put in the domestic and commercial waste stream.

Power Outage - A power outage is an interruption of normal sources of electrical power. Short-term power outages (up to a few hours) are common and have minor adverse effect, since most businesses and health facilities are prepared to deal with them.

Fire - Bush fires, forest fires, and mine fires are generally started by lightning, but also by human negligence or arson.