K2P 13 Teaching with Models

Key Role of Models in Science Teaching

• Importance of Models: Teaching without models makes science neither teachable nor learnable.

• Types of Models: Various forms include:

  • Physical replicas

  • Diagrams

  • Drawings

  • Computer simulations

  • Analogies

• Engagement with Models: Critical for students to develop explanations and predictions.

Student vs. Scientist Perspectives on Models

• Student's Perception:

  • Limited understanding of models; view them as miniatures.

  • Do not recognize models as tools in the scientific method.

• Scientist's Perspective:

  • Models serve as explanations and organize observations.

  • Provide structure to complex processes and visualize abstract concepts.

Teaching Methods with Models

• Why Use Models:

  • Provide visual tools for understanding invisible phenomena.

  • Organize observations.

  • Simplify complex processes.

• Model Limitations:

  • Discussing strengths and weaknesses is necessary to deepen understanding.

Understanding Models is Multifaceted

• Tools of Discovery: Models are essential not just for teaching established knowledge but also for testing the unknown.

• Competencies Required: There are various competencies for effectively working with models.

Examples of Competencies

• Pascal (Level 1):

  • Sees models as exact replicas of reality.

  • Believes in a fixed nature of models.

• Marie (Level 2):

  • More sophisticated understanding of models as communication tools rather than explorative.

• Ada (Level 3):

  • Views models as manipulation tools for scientific inquiry.

Broader Contexts in Model Competency Development

• Conceptual Development: Does not always occur uniformly across competencies.

  • For example, a student might grasp the nature of models but struggle with the concept of their evolution.

Recommended Resources and Activities

• Resources:

  • Research-based text: "Approaches to Modelling- Based Teaching"

  • Website: Ambitious Science Teaching

• Practical Tips:

  • Begin model construction early, utilizing GEM (Generate, Evaluate, Modify):

    • Generate: Start with prior knowledge to form a model idea.

    • Evaluate: Observe, critique, and predict to assess the model’s explanatory power.

    • Modify: Make changes to improve upon the model.

Model Competency Levels