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Grade 10 Quarter 1 Notes — Principles of Design, Modern Art, Music, Health

UNITY AND VARIETY

  • Unity: oneness of an artwork;

  • Variety: diversity that counterbalances unity

  • Example: The Migration Series by Jacob Lawrence (many colors/patterns)

BALANCE

  • Balance: equilibrium achieved by opposing forces

  • Symmetrical balance: near/exact left-right symmetry (e.g., Chariot by Alberto Giacometti)

  • Asymmetrical balance: different halves but visually balanced (e.g., The Evening Glow by Suzuki Harunobu)

EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION

  • Emphasis: drawing attention to area(s) via position, contrast, color, intensity, size

  • Subordination: neutral areas of lesser interest to keep focus

  • Example: Yacht Approaching the Coast by Joseph Mallord William Turner

CONTRAST

  • Contrast: use of visually different elements to guide the eye, highlight essentials, add variety/drama

  • Example: Luster-Painted Bowl Spain (blue and cobalt glaze with luster)

REPETITION AND RHYTHM

  • Repetition: creates unity, continuity, flow, emphasis

  • Rhythm: regular recurrence of elements with related variations

  • Example: Womb Realm, Buddhist Mandala (unity of purpose among thousands of figures)

SCALE AND PROPORTION

  • Scale: relative size of an element compared to another

  • Proportion: unity created when all elements relate well

  • Example: Zapatistas by José Clemente Orozco

THE ELEMENTS OF ART

  • Line: basic visual element; defines shapes, motion, emotion

  • Shape: expanse within outlines or boundaries of a 3D form

  • Space: feeling of depth; area within the picture plane

    • Negative space: around primary objects

    • Positive space: occupied by primary objects

  • Value: lightness/darkness of surfaces; Chiaroscuro (contrast of light and shade)

  • Color: reflected light; properties = Hue, Value, Intensity

    • Hue: primary (red, yellow, blue); secondary (orange, green, violet); intermediate

    • Value: relative lightness/darkness from white(—black)

    • Intensity: brightness or dullness of a color, impacting its perceived vividness and saturation.

  • Texture: surface quality (tactual/textural vs visual)

- Perspective: depiction of 3D space on a 2D surface

  • The above elements work together to create meaning in art

MODERN ART (20th CENTURY ART MOVEMENTS)

  • IMPRESSIONISM

    • Characteristics: short broken strokes, outdoor painting, scenes of everyday life, ambient/light atmosphere

    • Focus: mood/atmosphere over exact realism

    • Key figures: Claude Monet (Impression Sunrise, 1872), Auguste Renoir, Édouard Manet

    • Notes: outdoor study, natural light

  • EXPRESSIONISM

    • Focus: emotional force, distorted outlines, unsettled subjects

    • Techniques: vivid color, strong contrasts, aggressive brushwork

    • Key figures/styles: Neo-primitivism; Amadeo Modigliani (elongated forms)

    • Related styles: Fauvism (Matisse - vivid color), Dadaism, Surrealism (dreamlike, illogical)

    • Social Realism: protest/injustice (e.g., Ben Shahn – Miners' Wives, 1948)

    • Abstractionism: representational vs pure abstraction (Braque; Picabia)

    • Non-objectivism: Mondrian (abstract use of lines/shapes/colors: red, yellow, blue, black/white)

  • CUBISM

    • Idea: planes and angles on a flat surface; multiple viewpoints

  • FUTURISM

    • Celebrate speed, movement, machinery

    • Examples: Picasso works like Three Musicians (1921), Girl Before a Mirror (1932) as related modernist explorations

  • POP ART

    • Reflects mass media, consumer culture; bright, graphic visuals

  • OP ART

    • Optical illusions; viewer’s eye creates movement

    • Example: Bridget Riley, Current (1964)

  • NON-OBJECTIVISM

    • Pure abstraction; Mondrian (New York City, 1942)

  • CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS

    • Installation Art: site-responsive works; lifesize or larger

    • Performance Art: actions of performers; time-based

    • Examples: Pasyon at Rebolusyon (1989); Cordillera Labyrinth (1989)

MORE ON MODERN ART MOVEMENTS (KEY RECALL)

  • Abstract/Non-representational aims: balance, unity, and stability through simplified forms

  • Important names: Mondrian, Picasso, Matisse, Dali, Warhol, Lichtenstein

GRADE 10 MUSIC: THE 20TH CENTURY STYLES

A. IMPRESSIONISM (1890–1920)

  • Focus: suggestion/atmosphere rather than explicit emotion

  • Mood over depiction; ambient qualities in music

  • Whole-tone scale used to create color; less functional harmony

  • Key works/figures: Claude Debussy (Father of the Modern School), Maurice Ravel, Debussy pieces like Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, Claire de Lune

  • Notes: outdoor/atmospheric color and timbre

B. EXPRESSIONISM

  • Focus: intense emotion, subconscious, sometimes distortion

  • Characteristics: high dissonance, atonality, dynamic extremes, shifting textures

  • Key figures: Arnold Schoenberg (12-tone system, Pierrot Lunaire), Igor Stravinsky (Firebird Suite)

  • Notable terms: atonal, chromatic harmonies, texture changes

C. ELECTRONIC MUSIC

  • Definition: music produced/processed with electronic means

  • Tools: synthesizers, theremin, musique concrète

  • Pioneers: Edgard Varèse (Father of Electronic Music), Karlheinz Stockhausen

D. CHANCE MUSIC

  • Concept: elements of randomness/indeterminacy; music shaped by chance

  • Key work/idea: Gruppoen (1957) for three orchestras; sounds differ per performance

  • Key figure: John Cage (experimental approach, expanded sounds/dialogue with environment)

HEALTH 10

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THREE COMPONENTS OF HEALTH

  • Health Information: concepts/advice from sources about health status

  • Health Products: foods, drugs, cosmetics, devices, vaccines, etc.

  • Health Services: screening, treatment, prevention, safety, aftercare, follow-up

SOURCES OF HEALTH INFORMATION AND PRODUCTS

  • Reliable sources: licensed professionals with proper background

  • Unreliable sources: non-experts

TYPES OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS

  • Health professionals: licensed to practice medicine and allied health

  • Examples (selected):

    • Pediatrician, Ophthalmologist, Dermatologist, Cardiologist, Pulmonologist, Neurologist, Gastroenterologist, Urologist, Gynecologist, Orthopedist

    • Other roles: analyze images (X-rays) for diagnosis, etc.

HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

  • Hospitals: inpatient/outpatient care; general, specialty, teaching, private, public

  • Walk-in surgery center: surgery without hospital admission

  • Health Center: serve specific population needs

  • Extended healthcare facility: long-term/nursing/residential care

HEALTH INSURANCE

  • Financial agreement between insurer and individual/group for healthcare costs

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM)

  • CAM domains:
    1) Biology-based practices (herbal medicine, special diets)
    2) Energy medicine (magnetic fields, biofields)
    3) Manipulative/body-based practices (movement therapy)
    4) Mind-body medicine (mental exercises)

HERBAL MEDICINES (examples listed in course)

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES

  • Acupuncture; Ventosa cupping massage therapy; Reflexology; Acupressure; Nutrition Therapy

QUACKERY

  • Health fraud: promotion/sale of unproven products or services

  • Three major characteristics:
    1) Big business – large spend on fraudulent products
    2) Spreads rapidly
    3) Targets illnesses with no known cure

EVALUATION OF HEALTH INFORMATION AND PRODUCTS

  • Credibility: source recency and expertise

  • Content: accuracy, completeness, disclaimers

  • Disclosure: marketing vs objective intent