Polyatomic Ions

HOW TO MEMORIZE

The Big 5

1. CO32- Carbonate
2. ClO31- Chlorate
3. NO31- Nitrate
4. SO42- Sulfate
5. PO43- Phosphate

Slivka’s Square -

Inside square - Ate has 4 O

==Outside square - Ate has 3 O==

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Ions by Analogy

If you know…

Chlorate CIO3 1-

Then you know…

Bromate BRO3 1- Iodate IO3 1-

Ions by Extension

Memorize all the Ions that end with ate (Example - Chlorate, CIO3)

• Per - - ate (ClO4) One MORE oxygen from the ate ending
• - ate (CIO3) Normal form of the ate ending
• - ite (ClO2) One LESS oxygen from the ate ending
• Hypo - - ite (CIO) One LESS oxygen from the ite ending

Ions by Hydrogenation

• Looses 1 charge

Sulfate (SO4 2-) Phosphate (PO4 3-)

==Hydrogen Sulfate (HSO4 1-)== ==Hydrogen Phosphate (HPO4 2-)==

==Dihydrogen Phosphate (H2PO4 1-)==

Carbonate (CO3 2-)

==Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO3 1-)==

The Little 5

1. Polyatomic Cations 4. Organic Polyatomic Anions

Ammonium (NH4 1+) Acetate (C2H3O2 1-) Oxalate (C2O4 2-)

2. Named like a Monotomic Anion (-ide ending)

Hydroxide (OH 1-) 5. Thio- Anions

Cyanide (CN 1-) Thiocyanate (SCN 1-)

Peroxide (O2 2-) Thiosulfate (S2O3 2-)

3. Colored Anions

Permanganate (MnO4 1-) purple

Chromate (CrO4 2-) yellow

Dichromate (Cr2O7 2-) orange

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