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Transcript Zoom In on your Genome

Human Body and Tissues

  • The human body consists of various tissues.

  • Each tissue has a specialized function.

  • Focus example: Liver tissue.

Cells and Organelles

  • Tissues are composed of cells.

  • Cells are specialized to perform different functions.

  • Inside each cell are specialized structures called organelles.

Genome and Nucleus

  • The genome is located within an organelle called the nucleus.

  • The genome is organized into chromosomes.

  • There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in total.

  • The two chromosomes that determine sex are present:

    • Women have two X chromosomes.

    • Men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

Chromosome Structure and Composition

  • Each chromosome is a length of DNA tightly coiled to form chromatin loops.

  • DNA wraps around proteins called histones to form structures known as nucleosomes.

  • DNA exhibits a double helix structure akin to a twisted ladder.

  • The DNA is composed of four bases:

    • Adenine (A)

    • Cytosine (C)

    • Guanine (G)

    • Thymine (T)

  • Base pairing rules:

    • A pairs with T.

    • C pairs with G.

Genes and Functions

  • The sequence of DNA letters encodes instructions for cellular behavior and functioning.

  • Genes are specific sections of DNA that provide instructions for producing molecules.

  • The human genome contains approximately 23,000 genes.

Genome Analogy

  • The entire genome can be likened to an encyclopedia.

  • Chromosomes represent the individual books that comprise the encyclopedia.

  • If you printed all 3 billion letters of the human genome, it would constitute around 120 books.

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