CSD 523 Midterm
Intro
- severity scale: some mispronunciations -→ unintelligible speech
- what age should children have all speech sounds?: 6-7 years
- most common disorder on pediatric SLP caseload: SSD
- SLPs must be able to describe: child’s ability to produce, perceive, and combine speech sounds
- E.W. Scripture: “negligent lisping” aka stopping fricatives
- Lee Edward Travis: came up with tx plans depending on the cause of the disorder
- Grant Fairbanks: Voice and Articulation Drill Book
- Charles Van Riper: traditional approach in Speech Correction, go from sound in isolation to spontaneous speech
Mildred Templin: Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation, moved away from psychological tx
Terms and Definitions
- auditory phonetics: perception of sounds
- acoustic phonetics: transmission of sounds
- articulatory phonetics: production of sounds
- phoneme: mental representation of a sound
- phone: actual sounds you speak
- allophone: phoneme with variations
- How many vowels are in the IPA?: 18
- How many consonants are in the IPA?: 42
- phonetic transcription: abstract representation of articulatory knowledge
- phonetic repertoire: all phones produced by the speaker
- tongue movement: influences the vocal tract
## Speech Development
- categorical perception: ability to divide speech stream into individual sounds
- reflexive sounds: 0-2months; crying, grunting
- cooing: 2-4 months; gurgling, vowels
- vocal play: 4-6 months; trills, raspberries
- canonical babbling: 6-10 months; sounds in syllables
- variegated babbling: 10-12 months; syllables that sound adult-like
- How do babies learn to communicate?: bonding, speech input, familiar social routine
- What kinds of errors do toddlers make?: inattention, distraction, limited knowledge
- phonetic inventory: list of speech sounds a child can produce, correct or not
- Toddler speech patterns: single syllables with stress-unstress pattern
- expressive vocab around 16-18 months: ~50 words
- Syntactic structure ~24 months: 2-3 word utterances
- How do toddlers learn to communicate: strategic errors, modeling, bombardment, requests for clarification, parallel talk, expansions
- what kinds of errors do preschoolers make?: inattention, distraction, competing sounds
- new skills learned in preschool: more syllables and stress patterns with less vowel errors after 3 years
- how do preschoolers learn to communicate?: social interaction, brain maturation
- When do children transition from learning to read to reading to learn?: 3rd grade
- Early 8: m n b p d h w j
- middle 8: ŋ t k g f v tʃ dʒ
- late 8: θ ð s z ʃ ʒ l r