10.6 | Broken Bones

Broken Bones (Fractures)

• Definition: A bone that is fractured.

• Can be either open (compound) or closed.

Types of Fractures

1. Closed Fracture

   • Description: Bone is broken but does not pierce the skin.

   • Characteristics/Symptoms:

     • Intense pain and extreme tenderness (due to nerve endings).

     • Possible deformed shape of the affected limb.

     • Victim's reluctance to lift or apply pressure to the limb.

   • Observable Signs:

     • Unnatural swelling

     • Bruising

     • Sensation or sound of grating

2. Compound Fracture (Open Fracture)

   • Description: An open fracture where broken skin is present; bone ends may be visible.

   • Initial Steps:

     • Assess for signs of shock.

   • Splinting:

     • Purpose:

       • Stabilizes the injury.

       • Reduces pain.

       • Prevents further damage to surrounding tissues, muscles, and nerves.

       • Can help control bleeding.

     • Effective Household Materials:

       • Heavy cardboard

       • Layers of newspaper

       • Duct tape

       • Heavy masking tape

General Assistance Guidance

• Maintain a calm and supportive demeanor to help the distressed victim.