Key Terms Chapter 30

Red Scare: Post-WWI fear of communism, anarchism, and radical leftism in the U.S.

18th Amendment: Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol in the U.S.

Volstead Act: Legislation enforcing the 18th Amendment (Prohibition).

Bible Belt: Southern U.S. region known for conservative, religious values.

Scopes Trial: 1925 trial debating teaching evolution in schools, highlighting the clash between Fundamentalism and Modernism.

Fundamentalism: Religious movement emphasizing literal interpretation of scripture.

Modernism: Artistic and cultural movement rejecting traditional norms.

“Lost Generation”: Disillusioned writers/artists after WWI, like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Hemingway.

Harlem Renaissance: 1920s African-American cultural, artistic, and literary movement.

Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 international treaty renouncing war as national policy.

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital: 1923 Supreme Court case invalidating minimum wage laws for women.

Teapot Dome Scandal: 1920s bribery scandal involving oil reserves and government officials.

Dawes Plan: U.S.-led financial plan to restructure Germany's WWI reparations.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff: 1930 tariff worsening the Great Depression by limiting international trade.

Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929, stock market crash, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles: Makeshift shantytowns during the Great Depression, named after Herbert Hoover.

Bonus Expeditionary Force (Army): WWI veterans demanding early bonus payments, leading to clashes with federal troops.

A. Mitchell Palmer: Attorney General leading the Red Scare and Palmer Raids.

Sacco & Vanzetti: Italian immigrants controversially executed for murder, symbolizing anti-immigrant sentiment.

Al Capone: Infamous Prohibition-era gangster and bootlegger.

Henry Ford: Industrialist revolutionizing mass production with the assembly line.

Margaret Sanger: Birth control activist and founder of Planned Parenthood.

Charles Lindbergh: First solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic.

Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalyst whose theories on the unconscious influenced Modernism.

F. Scott Fitzgerald: Author of The Great Gatsby, capturing the Jazz Age ethos.

Langston Hughes: Harlem Renaissance poet highlighting African-American experiences.

Warren Harding: 29th U.S. President, known for scandals like Teapot Dome.

Albert Fall: Secretary of the Interior involved in the Teapot Dome Scandal.

Calvin Coolidge: 30th U.S. President, favoring limited government and economic conservatism.

Al Smith: 1928 Democratic presidential candidate; first Catholic nominee.

Herbert Hoover: 31st U.S. President, blamed for inadequate response to the Great Depression.