PSYCHOLOGY MIDTERM FLASH CARDS

GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY (PSY201) STUDY GUIDE FOR MIDTERM EXAM

MODULE 1

CHAPTER 1

Be able to define the following terms and use in an example.

• Psychology

• BF Skinner

• Control Group

• Psychopathology

• JB Watson

• Critical Thinking

• Stratified/representative sample

• Collectivism

• Introspection

• Double blind studies

• Blind studies

• Individualism

• Scientific method

• Treatment group

• Operational definition

• Hypothesis

• Random sampling

Know the following:

• Know the difference between a sample and a population.

• Be able to differentiate between a case study, a survey, testing, and naturalistic observation.

• Be able to determine if a correlation is positive, negative, or if there is no correlation.

• Be able to identify the independent and dependent variables.

• Ethics in psychological research for humans and animals

• What are psychological disorders? How are they determined to as a mental illness?

• DSM 5 TR- What is it? How is it organized? What is included in a full diagnosis?

• Know the theoretical perspectives and explain it in detail, name the main theorist(s) associated with each theory

(behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, cross-cultural, cognitive-behavioral, positive psychology, biological

and evolutionary).

CHAPTER 2

Be able to define the following terms and use in an example.

• Brain

• Glial cells

• Sensory neurons/Afferent neurons

• Motor/Efferent neurons

• Phineas Gage- video- who was he?

• Neurons

• Neuroscience

Know the following:

• Know the anatomy of a neuron; major regions of the brain; and key structures of the forebrain and limbic system

• Know the two main divisions of the nervous system and their functions.

• Know the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system and their functions.

• Know the geography of the cerebral cortex and the main functions of each lobe.

• Know the process of neural impulse (only 1 direction)

• The electrochemical process- be able to explain it.

• Know the different neurotransmitters, their types, their functions and the psychological disorders they are associated with.

CHAPTER 3

Be able to define the following terms and use in an example.

• Sensation

• Perception

• Absolute Threshold

• Types of Color Blindness

Know the following:

• Know the theories of color vision (Trichromatic and Opponent Process theories) and the evaluation of each theory.

• Schizophrenia-define it, positive and negative symptoms, risk factors, and genetic factors.

CHAPTER 4

Be able to define the following terms and use in an example.

• Circadian Rhythm

• Consciousness

• Activation Synthesis Model of Dreaming

• Insomnia

• Parasomnias

Know the following:

• Why do we sleep?

• The stages of sleep (include the EEG, NREM sleep, REM sleep, hypnagogic hallucinations, alpha waves, theta waves,

delta waves, sleep spindles, K complex, the process of each cycle and when dreams occur).

Know the sleep disorders covered in chapter 4.

CHAPTER 5

Be able to define the following terms and use in an example.

• Learning Stimulus

• Generalization Systematic

• Desensitization

• Operant Conditioning

• Stimulus Discrimination

• Edward C. Tolman’s cognitive map/latent learning

• Classical Conditioning

• Higher-order Conditioning

• Learned Helplessness

• Observational Learning

• Behavior Modification

• Anxiety Disorders

• Conditioned Responses

• Shaping

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Unconditioned Responses

• Flooding

• Panic Attack/Disorder

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Delayed conditioning

• Phobias & Specific Phobia

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Primary reinforcers

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

• Extinction

• Conditioned reinforcers

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Operant

• Social Anxiety Disorder

Know the following:

• John Watson and Rosalie Raynor’s Little Albert experiment

• John Garcia’s Taste Aversion work

• Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment

• Thorndike’s Puzzle Box experiment

• Know the different types of reinforcers (positive and negative) and how they each differ from punishment (positive and

negative)

• Know the reasons for avoiding the use of punishment and some alternative methods.

• Know the reinforcement schedules (4)

• Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment (the original) with the salivating dogs (identify the CS, CR, UCR, UCS).

• BF Skinner’s operant conditioning experiment with the rat in the Skinner box (identify the positive reinforcer, know

• Skinner’s belief about what reinforces organisms).

• Explain the causes of phobias