AP Human Geo Unit 2

population /migration

Modern medicne and technolgy caused our population in the 1800s to increase

2.1 distrubuation of resorces

Ex = money ,food water ,edication , health care and all examples of resorces that are not distubtued well.


spatial pattern = clustered and dispursted

clusted = large cities disburst = country or rular area

physical factors

lower lying areas with fertile soil tempture and climate

near ocean or river with easy ocean acess

avoid too dry,wet,cold,high temps

3/4ths of the world live in 5% of the world

Human factors

culture - similar belifs ,acess to have relligons belife

ecnomy - develped or not

history,politcs - courpet politics = move away

Types if density

-arthmic density = population /land use

peoples patterns over land

-phycolgisal density =population/ arable (farmland)

egpt need to trade with others to get densiy

the more people over farm land square feet more people to care for the farm land

Agicultre density = # of farmers / arable land

shows levels of ag productiviy

High=lot of farmers not technolgy




2.2 consequences of population distribution

  • Reasons and density disrubation matters

  • ecnomic more/less wealth or resorcues

  • social fewer schools and hospital in less dense areas rural Ia vs desmoins = more efficent public sevices in high densiy areas

  • political =more less influnce (national vs state government

  • Envirmental= can the envirment handle it ?

  • carring capicty = amount of people envirment can sustain

  • over population= beyond carrying capicty




Espn

ecnomic

social

political

n = envirmental



2.3 population composition

  • sex ratio= number of males per females

  • mdc’s = more females

  • higher life expectcy for women (type of carrear vs men)

  • ldc’s culture factors for favoring boys

  • dwry systme ( pay money for girl to marry boy and the boy family gets that money)



Dependcy ratio = number of people too young or too old to work

  • large dependcy ratio = greater burden on workers

  • higher in ldcs but growing in mcds



population pyrimds

  • percent of men and women in diffrent age brackets that predicts market for goods and services. predicts needs of socity.(ex = more workers or schools)



2.4 population rates

  • Natural increase weight % of populatation groth/year (mirgration is not included)

  • Cbr-cdr= nir

  • conver to percentage

  • higher in ldcs



Total fertillity rate: averge number of children a single women has in in there life time

  • better predicter of future cbr

  • world is 2.4

  • more than 5 in africa

  • less than 2 in mdcs

  • us averge 1.8

  • pattern= falling in every region today

  • population in whole declines when below 2.2




2.6 malthusian theroy

  • popualation grows much faster than food production

  • need natural checks

  • contexts = he had jsut seen britan enter stage 2 of dtm

  • this theroy was made in 1798


potential limitations

  • dtm stages

  • industrulazation ad vancements

  • food vs population

  • word supply of recorses are not fixed

  • befits more people

  • Borscup theroy

  • more labor= more inovation to produce food



Neo- Matlthusis

  • earths recorces deplenish today becuse of over population

  • still cant hit crisis point

  • will promote polices that control population



2.7 population polices

  • Antinatilst = government policy to encourge a decrase in birth rates in soctiy through brith control better health care and female empowement

  • stages 2 and 3


pronatilist

  • government policy to encourge and increase birth rates ‘

  • stages 5


2.8 women and demographic change

  • Goal= lower birth rates

  • stage 2 and 3 countries (wide pyrimids)

1 controception and family planning

  • imedate results

  • cultrue resistent in middle east

2 Better health care

  • lower child morality= smaller familes

3 Female empowrment (edication, jobs, health

  • long term sloution

  • reguires changing social values and roles of women

Ravenstien’s laws of migration

1 migrates typiclly only travel short distances

  • a Further away= less likely to migrate

2 those those that travel long distance settle in urban areas

3 most migrates occers through step migration

4 Mirgaration creates rural to urban

5 migration creates counter migrats

6 most migrates are young males from 25-45

a what about women




changing roles of felmales impact migration

women migrates

typiclly migrate within a country

internatinal= young males

  • however, as roles are changinng= more internatinal migrates



2.9 Agining populations

  • aging is determend by

  • bith rate

  • death rate

  • life expecticy

politocal cansequnces of elderly dependcy ratio

  • ederly vote increases- ederly issues pushed at officals

  • focus on finacal and healthcare programs

  • Government polices = asistance

  • social secerity

  • medicare

  • increase in pro nalist polices

  • infucles of immigratiin



social consequnces of age population

who will take care of old people

  • more responsibilites on children

  • what services would be indended for the elderly how dose taht affect the culture impact


ecnomic conesqunces of aging populations

increase cost of socity- taxes increased pressure on the work force

  • adult children have pressure to take care of family

  • workers needed

  • imigaration




2.10 causes of migration

ecnomic reasons

push = lacl of jobs

pull= jobs avilable

Guest workers popular mostly young men

social/culture reasons

push


religous persicution

discrimnation

lack of schools/ health care


pull

relgious freedoms

laws agaisnt discrimnation

acess to edication/ health care



obsitcal = discrimantion learning a new languge

oppertunites = laws in home country improve


politcal reasons

push

war poltical persicution freedom of speech

pull

safety, freedom 60 millon forced migrate today



Refugee= forced out of country

internally displaced person= still in country

Asylym seeker= migrated to another country waiting in refugee status


obstical= qouta laws, paperworl

oppertunity= granted asylumm in difftent country



Envirmental reasons

push= naturl disastors drought polution

pull= climate, safety, fertille land



Emigrate vs immigration

Emmigration= exit migration

imigration = into an area

Immigration-emmigration= net migration



2.11 forced and volunterry Migration

Forced Migration

permet movemnet usally caused by cultural factors (not always

ex= slave trade,reffuges native americans


volunterry migration

  • movemnt taken by choice that is ofton perment



transitional = arcoss international borders

  • only 1 in 10 total migrates

  • Ldcs to MDCs


Largest flow=

  • asia to europe north america and persian golf - latin america to north america

  • - african to america



other types of vlountary migration

transhumance = sesonal movement for livestock

  • cooler places in the summer, warmer in the winter

  • nomadic goat hereders


step= move in a serious of steps

-farm villge to town to city

chain= one member of a family moves and other follow

-scandinaviens in midwest


Internal

movement within national borders

Intereginal(out)- one local

one local region to another rural to urban (90%)

Intrareginal (within)

  • within a reginal (older cities to newer suburbs


Guest workers

  • us with mexican workers in the 1900s

  • nw europe affter ww11 turkich to europe

  • sw asia

2.12 effects of migration

Effects on country if orgin

postives = relif of overcrowding and recorces, Reittance = money sent back from guest workers


Negitves = working age, people leave= incresed dependcy ratio

brain train



Reciving country

diversity/culture contribution = new foods new langues /words divers from entertainment, religous traditiions


ecnomic= more workers = more ecnomic productivity and innovative


conflicts= religous belifs, acess to jobs,culturl pracitoce

strain of services= schools police healthcare