Untitled Flashcards Set
All six-legged animals belong to the superclass _________. Hexapoda
What are the four classes within hexapoda? Insecta
Diplura
Protura
Collembola
Which classes are classified as entognathous hexapods? Diplura
Protura
Collembola
What does endognathous mean? Exterior mouth parts
Most hexapods have mouth parts located (exteriorly or interiorly). Interiorly
Define: Apterygota Wingless insects
Define: Pterygota Winged insects
What are the two divisions of apterygota? Araegnatha/monocondyla (ancient mouthed) and dicondyla
Define: Dicondyla Having two points of attachment for the mouthparts
Hemipterans includes _________ for this course. Homopterans
What is the purpose of a dichotomous key? To help guide in classifying organisms
All dipterans contain __________. A unique structure located behind the hindwing. Halteres
Define: Elytra Sclerotized forewings
What are the physical characteristics of archaeognatha? - Humped back
- Styles
- Long antennae
- Long central tail filament
What are the physical characteristics of thysanura? SILVERFISH
- Small compound eyes
- All tail filaments are the same length
- Flatter back
What are the physical characteristics of ephemeroptera? - Elongated cerci
- Central tail filament
- Large triangular forewing
- Circular hindwing
SHORT ADULT LIFESPAN
What are the physical characteristics of odonata? - Dragonflies, damselflies, etc
- Carniverous
What are the major differences between anispotera and zygoptera? Anisoptera = Dragonflies
- Wings held apart
- Fatter bodies
Zygoptera = Damselflies
- Wings held together
- Slender bodies
What are the physical characteristics of plecoptera? Large, pleated wings that fold above the abdomen
What are the physical characteristics of blattodea? ROACHES
- Pronotum
- Tegmina
- Spiny legs
Define: Pronotum Sheild plate thingy behind head
Define: Tegmina Leathery forewings
What are the physical characteristics of isoptera? TERMITES
- fore and hind wings are the same size
What is the latin meaning for mantis? Prophet
What are the physical characteristics of grylloblattodea? - Literally: cricket roach
- Rock/ice crawlers
What are the physical characteristics of dermaptera? EARWIGS
- Pincer cerci
- Leathery forewings
What are the physical characteristics of orthoptera? Wings have a straight dorsal wing margin
What are the physical characteristics of phasmatodea? STICK BUGS
- Well blended to environment
What are the physical characteristics of embrioptera? - Web spinners
- Active and versatile wings
- Can run fast backward and forwards
What are the characteristics of zoraptera? Possess wingless male and female forms; very rare insects
What are the physical characteristics of psocoptera? Eroded or gnawed looking wings
What is the common name for phthiraptera? Lice
What are the physical characteristics of hemiptera? Contain insects with half or fully membranous wings
What are the physical characteristics of thysanoptera? - Very small insects
- Fringed wings
What are the physical characteristics of megaloptera? - Primitive looking
- Large mandibles
-Wings
What are the physical characteristics of raphidioptera? - Large wings held close to body
- Females possess long slender ovipositor
What are the physical characteristics of neuroptera? Highly veined wings
What are the physical characteristics of coleoptera? BEETLES
- Sheilded wings
What are the physical characteristics of strepsiptera? Wings are twisted and folded up
What are the physical characteristics of mecoptera? - Long legs
- Long wings held together above body
What are the physical characteristics of siphonoptera? FLEAS AND TICKS
- Secondarily wingless
- Possess siphon mouthpart
What is the common name for diptera? Flies
What are the physical characteristics of trichoptera? Hairy wings
What are the physical characteristics of lepidoptera? MOTHS/BUTTERFLIES
- Scaly wings
What is the common name for hymenoptera? Wasp
What are the three body regions of insects? Head
Thorax
Abdomen
What are the main structures associated with the head? Sensory organs
What are the main structures associated with the thorax? Locomotion structures
What are the main structures associated with the abdomen? Digestive and excretory structures
What are the main structures of the head? Mandible
Maxillae
Labrum/Clypeus
Labium
What are the regions of the thorax? Pro-thorax
Meso-thorax
Meta-thorax
Wings are located on which segments of the thorax? Meso and meta-thorax
How many segments are typical for an insect's abdomen? 11
Define: Ommatidia Individual light reception units
Diurnal insect eyes are favor ________ while nocturnal eyes favor _________. Precision; light sensitivity
Insect eyes see ________ (color) best. Blue
Define: Tympana Membranes located on insect abdomens used to hear
Most olfactory sensillia are located on an insect's _________. Antennae
Define: Ostia One way valves of an insect's heart; helps move haemolymph more effectively
What section of an insect's digestive tract does not contain cuticle? Midgut
Derived characteristics are __________. Newer
What are the behaviors of thysansura? - Nocturnal
- Omnivores
- Very well suited to dry environments
- Indirect fertilization
Define: Holometaboly Complete metamorphosis
Define: Hemimetaboly Pupa is a smaller version of the adult minus developed wings wings
What's the difference between paurametaboly and hemimetaboly? Nymphs in paurametabolic organisms are aquatic
What is the only insect that molts after fully developing wings? Mayfly
What are the physical characteristics of mayflies? - Soft cylindrical body
- Wings held away from body at rest
- Short antennae
- Large compound eyes
- Forewings are significantly larger than hindwing
- Two cerci of equal size
T/F: Mayfly adults must consume large quantities of food to survive. False: adult mayflies do not consume food at all
What is the mayfly nymph respiratory system like? Closed tracheal system (no spiracles)
The presence of mayfly nymphs indicates _______. Good water quality
What metaboly category do odonta fall under? Hemimetaboly
Odonta nymphs are ______ (aquatic/terrestrial). Aquatic
What are the two major suborders of odonta? Anisoptera and zygoptera
Anisoptera are __________ and zygoptera are ___________. Dragonflies; damselflies
What are the physical characteristics the head of anisoptera? - Short antennae
- Large touching compound eyes
- Downward facing mouthparts
Between anisoptera and zygoptera, which hold their wings together above their body at rest? Zygoptera
What is the mouthpart of odonta nymph like? Prehensile labrum
All winged insects belong to infraclass ________. Pterygota
Paleoptera contains which orders? Ephemeroptera and odonta
What are the two subdivisions of Neoptera? Exopterygota and endopterygota
What is the metaboly of exopterygota? Hemimetabolous
What are the wings of plecopteran like? Large, double bellied hindwings that fold flat above the body
What are the physical characteristics of the head of plecopterans? - Bulging eyes
- Multisegmented antennae
What conditions do stonefly naiads live in? Cold, fast flowing stream with stoney/gravely bottoms
T/F: Blattodea possess highly sensitive cerci. True
What are the egg laying habits of blattodea? Lay eggs in an oothecae which may or may not remain attached to the roach; carry eggs in body
What is the common name for isoptera? Termite
What is the metaboly of ispoterans? Hemimetabolous
Do isopterans have cerci? Yes
What are characteristics of termite soldiers? - Blind
- Shoot sticky secretions
- asymetrical mouthparts
- Scleritized
What are characteristics of termite workers? - Blind
- male or female
- Chewing mouthparts
What are the physical head characteristics of mantodea? - Triangular head
- Large, widely separate compound eyes
What are the front legs of mantodea like? Raptorial
What is the hunting strategy of mantodea? Ambush
What's the difference between mimicry and mimesis? Mimesis = looking like environment to avoid predation
Mimicry = looking like a more deadly organism to avoid predation
What is the mantid egg laying behavior? Lay eggs in an oothecae which they sometimes gaurd
What are the physical characteristics of grylloblatoddea? - Small compound eyes
- No ocelli
- Threadlike antennae (if present at all)
- segmented cerci
Where are dermaptera found? Humid microhabitats (soil, litter, bark)
Whats the difference between the cerci of male and female dermaptera? Male cerci are larger and more rounded
Dermapteran females are ________ (very good/very bad) mothers. Very good
What's so cool about order mantophasmatodea? It was discovered as an order VERY recently; they're wingless; walk on their heels
Describe the headshape of mantophasmatodea? Triangular