biology god mode

Cell Basic unit of life.
Prokaryote Cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryote Cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Nucleus Organelle that contains DNA and controls cell activities.
Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (ATP).
Ribosome Makes proteins.
Chloroplast Organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Cell membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell; maintains homeostasis.
Cell wall Rigid structure outside the cell membrane in plants, fungi, and some bacteria.
Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance in the cell that holds organelles.
Homeostasis Maintaining a stable internal environment.
Photosynthesis Process where plants convert sunlight, water, and CO₂ into glucose and oxygen.
Cellular respiration Process that breaks down glucose to make ATP.
Osmosis Diffusion of water across a membrane.
Diffusion Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Active transport Movement of molecules against the concentration gradient using energy.
Passive transport Movement of molecules without energy from high to low concentration.
DNA Genetic material that contains instructions for an organism’s traits.
Gene Segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Chromosome Threadlike structure made of DNA and proteins.
Mitosis Process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis Process of cell division that creates four genetically different gametes.
Gamete Sex cell (sperm or egg) with half the number of chromosomes.
Zygote Fertilized egg.
Genotype Genetic makeup of an organism (ex: Bb).
Phenotype Physical traits of an organism (ex: brown eyes).
Dominant allele An allele that masks the presence of a recessive allele.
Recessive allele An allele that is masked by a dominant allele.
Homozygous Having two identical alleles (ex: BB or bb).
Heterozygous Having two different alleles (ex: Bb).
Punnett square Diagram used to predict the genetic outcome of a cross.
Natural selection Process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce.
Evolution Change in a species over time.
Adaptation A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce.
Mutation A change in DNA.
Protein synthesis Process of making proteins from DNA instructions.
Transcription First step of protein synthesis where DNA is copied into mRNA.
Translation Second step where mRNA is decoded to build a protein.
mRNA Messenger RNA; carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome.
tRNA Transfer RNA; brings amino acids to the ribosome.
Enzyme Protein that speeds up chemical reactions.
Species Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Ecology Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Ecosystem Community of organisms and their nonliving environment.
Food chain Sequence showing energy transfer between organisms.
Producer Organism that makes its own food (usually plants).
Consumer Organism that eats other organisms.
Decomposer Organism that breaks down dead organisms.
Biodiversity Variety of life in an area.
Carrying capacity Maximum number of individuals an environment can support.
Limiting factor Something that restricts the growth of a population.
Biotic factor Living part of the environment.
Abiotic factor Nonliving part of the environment.