Impetigo

• Definition: Impetigo, derived from Latin meaning "to attack", is an acute inflammatory skin disease characterized by ring-like lesions.
• Symptoms: The lesions are sercinate or bulbous, circular, and may progress from erythema (redness) to pruritic (itchy) blisters that rupture and crust.
• Causes: Most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and may be linked to Streptococcus bacteria.
• Risk Groups: Commonly seen in children; can affect adults exposed to moisture or heat.
• Transmission: Highly contagious through contact with lesions or discharge.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

• Relation to Impetigo: Complications from impetigo can lead to acute glomerulonephritis, an inflammation affecting kidney filtration units (glomeruli).

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

• Definition: A skin condition characterized as an acute inflammatory purulent disease.
• Types: Varieties include bolus, vegetative, pustular, and ulcerative.
• Treatment: May involve corticosteroids, cyclosporine, TNF alpha inhibitors, etc.
• Recovery: Complex, often slow even with treatment.

Cellulitis

• Definition: Inflammation of dermis and fat layers, usually localized.
• Etiology: Commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus.
• Symptoms: Redness, swelling, pain in the affected area.

Dermal Abscess

• Definition: A localized infection leading to a pus-filled area causing tissue displacement.
• Symptoms: Erythema, edema, and pain; usually due to Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteria.
• Treatment: Often requires drainage; antibiotics may be indicated.

Tularemia

• Cause: Caused by Francisella tularensis, often transmitted via bites from infected ticks or deerflies.
• Symptoms: Fever, chills, headaches, skin ulcers, swollen lymph nodes.
• Treatment: Primarily antibiotics; recovery often provides immunity.

Lyme Disease

• Etiology: Caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks.
• Symptoms: Early signs include a bull's eye rash, chills, fever, and potential joint issues.
• Treatment: Effectively treated with antibiotics, though some patients may suffer from lingering symptoms post-treatment.

Leprosy

• Types: Tuberculoid leprosy is noted for asymmetrical, scaly skin lesions.
• Symptoms: Muscle weakness, nerve damage leading to loss of sensation.
• Treatment: Effective with the use of drugs such as dapsone, rifampicin.

Scarlet Fever

• Definition: An acute contagious disease caused by Streptococcus toxins.
• Symptoms: Features a characteristic red rash, fever, and sore throat; may also see a “strawberry tongue”.
• Diagnosis: Elevated leukocyte count, often treated with penicillin.

Fungal Infections (Tinea)

• Types:
  • Tinea Capitis: Scalp infection.
  • Tinea Pedis: Athlete's foot.
  • Tinea Corporis: General skin fungal infection.
• Treatment: Typically involves antifungal medications and proper hygiene.

Candida Infections

• Cause: Primarily Candida albicans.
• Manifestations: Thrush, diaper rash, skin folds infection known as candidiasis.
• Treatment: Often requires antifungal treatments and moisture management.

Onycholysis

• Definition: A condition where the nail detaches from the nail bed.
• Causes: Often linked to diseases like psoriasis or infections.

Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)

• Symptoms: Characterized by ring-like lesions on the skin.
• Diagnosis/Treatment: Confirmed via visual examination or skin samples, treated with antifungal therapy.

Aspergillosis

• Cause: Infection primarily affecting the respiratory system due to Aspergillus fungi.
• Symptoms: Can cause granulomatous lesions in the lungs.
• Treatment: Surgery and antifungal medications such as voriconazole.

Rickettsial Infections

• Carriers: Ticks, fleas, lice are typical vectors.
• Examples: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, causing rashes and systemic symptoms.

Pediculosis (Lice Infestations)

• Types: Includes head lice (pediculosis capitis) and body lice (pediculosis corpus).
• Symptoms: Intense itching, possible secondary infections.
• Treatment: Involves topical treatments and hygiene measures.

Helminthic Infections

• Definition: Parasitic worm infections causing symptoms ranging from digestive issues to skin manifestations.
• Common Types: Includes roundworms, pinworms, and hookworms.
• Treatment: Anti-parasitic medications such as mebendazole.

Skin Cancers

• Types:
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma: Most common; often due to sun exposure, rarely metastasizes.
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Surface lesions, can be aggressive, linked to UV exposure.
  • Melanoma: Highly aggressive skin cancer, characterized by dark pigmentation, irregular shapes.
• Diagnosis/Treatment: Regular skin examinations, biopsies, and treatments like Mohs surgery for early stages.