1919-1929

Ku Klux Klan

grew rapidly in the 1920s

KKK beliefs- anti-Catholic, Jewish, black, pacifist, foreign, communist, and birth control

pro-Angolo-saxons and pro-protestant

spread rapidly in the midwest and the south claimed 5 million members

collapsed in the late 1920s after a congressional investigation uncovers internal embezzling

growth due to anxieties caused by rapid social growth

held political power

lynched around 200 people

Seeing Red

Red- communist

first red scare- led by Attorney General A Michell Palmer in response to the bolshevik revolution in the USA crusade against unamerican

Free speech is limited by state laws making it illegal to advocate for violence

Nicola Sacco And Bartolomeo Vanzetti- were convicted in 1921 of murder by a strongly biased jury because they were Italian, anarchists, atheists, and draft dodgers sparking outrage

Stemming the foreign blood

isolationist Americans don’t feel the need for immigration so they place the emergency quota act of1921 the emergency quota act of1921- limited the number of Europeans able to migrate to 3% of what the nationalities American population was in 1910

replaced by the immigration act of 1924 changed it to 2% and banned Japanese

Latin Americans and Canadas unrestricted because of how close so use them when needed and send um back when not

did percentages because they were racists and only wanted some Europeans (

this ended the era of unrestricted immigration in the US and significantly decreased immigration

Prohibition

prohibition passed in 1919 i the 18th amendment and enforced by the Volestead act to

was popular in the south and in the west because white southerners didn’t want African Americans to have stimulants and the west associated alcohol with crime and corruption

the federal government has a weak track record in the enforcement of laws in personal lives more speakeasies replacing salons

caused by temprence movment- movment to ban aochool led by christian women

caused bank savings to increase and absenteeism in the industry to decrease

ridiculous law tend to be ignored (ie fireworks)

Golden Age of Gangsterism

violent gang wars broke out in cities as gangsters fought to control the booze markets

Chicago had scarface, Al Capone, a murderous boose distributor that started 6 years of gang wars that generated millions of dollars

caught on tax evasion

led to a major increase in organized crime

led organized crime to do prostitution gambling drugs and grandson kidnappings

Lindberg law in 1932 made interstate abduction death penalties offense under certain circumstances

Monkey Business in Tennesse

in the 1920s states started to put a larger focus on education John Dewey, a professor set principles that formed progressive- education and believed that education for life should be the goal of a teacher

since and healthcare improve

fundamentalist- the religious kind thought Darwinism and evolution was leading to the breakdown of the morals of the youth

1925 John T. Scopes were convicted for teaching Darwinism in schools and fined 100 dollars he was defended by Darrow and prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan

cultural war

Mass-Consumption Economy

WW1 and treasury secretary Andrew Mellon”s tax policies- brought riches to the mid-1920s

Bruce Barton- invents advertising and

sports became a big business in the 1920s; because people move to cities and have more leisure time because of factory jobs and stable income

buying credit -was a new thing and more people went into personal debt causing the economy to become vulnerable to a change in the credit structure

borrowing credit was very popular and caused by radio and cars (travel) allowing them to see/ hear advertising

cities influence towns never the other way

Rubber tires

car market started in the 1920 industrial revolution and created a new industrial system based on the moving assembly line called Fordism

model t introduced by 1930 more then 20million were driven in the country

The advent of the gasoline age

car industry creates millions of jobs in related industries

standard of living rose

petroleum business grew and railroads hit hard

freeing women from needing men allowed suburbs to spread out

dangerous and caused millions of deaths

suburbs demographics- republican white people

City demographics- democratic minorities

vacations start to happen

out-of-wedlock births - went way up, and the girl would get sent away or kept home because of the “embarrassment’’

Human Wings

Wilbur and Orville Wright make airplanes fly for 12 seconds and 120 ft

after ww1 sees the success of the airplane began to have passenger airlines and

Charles A. Lindberg -becomes the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic in 1927 in a 33 hour flight from New York to Paris

Radio Revolution

Guglielmo Marconi invented wireless telegraphy, the telegraph, in the 1890s in 1920 the first voice-carrying radio broadcasts were transmitted making significant cultural and educational contributions

radios- make a national identity

technology that changed America- engines (farming) plane, ac, radio

Hollywoods filmland fantasies

motion pictures worked on since 1890 but came out in 1903 the great train robbery was the first story sequence

Hollywood became the motion capital of the world used extensively in ww1 as anti german propaganda led to increased assimilation of immigrants

Dynamic Decade

by the 1920 most Americans had moved from rural areas to urban city areas

Margaret sanger; led a birth control movement Alice Paul: formed the National women’s party in 1923 to campaign for equal rights amendment to the constitution

the fundamentalists lost ground to the modernist

Modernist: who believed God was a good guy and the universe is friendly

flappers; young women who expressed disdain for traditional women through smoking, driving drinking, and wearing short skirts

Dr.Siegmund Freud: said sexual repression was the cause of emotional problems

United Negro Improvement league; started by Marcus garvey for the resettlement of African Americans in Africa and also sponsored stores to keep “black dollars in black pockets” resulted from a large uptick in black pride

Cultural Liberation

after ww1 a new generation of writers emerged and gave American books a new life

Modernist; philosophical movement during the 1920s key component was questioning social conventions

H.L Mencken; wrote American mercury and attacked marriage democracy and patriotism

F. Scots Fitzgerald; wrote this side of paradise in 1920 and the great gatsby in in1925

Earnest Hemmingway; greatly affected by the war and responded to propaganda and over the appeal of patriotism to the “disillusioned spiritually numb American” expressed in Europe in the sun also rises

Harlem Renaissance; a black cultural movement that grew out of Harlem and became popular as materialism and functionalism grew

Wall street's big bull and bear market

the stock market grew in popularity in the 1920s to average people

the government did little to manage debt after ww1

1921 republican congress created the Bureau of Budget; to help the president submit an annual budget to congress designed to circumvent extravagant expense appropriations

Andrew Mellon; belief that taxes forced the rich to invest in tax-Andrew Mellon's belief was that taxes forced the rich to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in factories; this hurt business. Mellon helped create a series of tax reductions from 1921-1926 to help rich people. Congress also eliminated the gift tax, and reduced excise taxes, surtax, income tax, and estate taxes.  Mellon's policies shifted the tax burden from the wealthy to the middle-income groups.  Mellon reduced the national debt by $10 billion.