MANIA + RICE

• WWI

• M.A.N.I.A.

  • Militarism – Germany built up its navy to rival Britain’s.

  • Alliances – Triple Entente (France, Britain, Russia) vs. Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy).

  • Nationalism – Slavic nationalism in the Balkans; France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back.

  • Imperialism – European nations competed fiercely for colonies.

  • Assassination – Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

• R.I.C.E.

  • Resources – Germany and Britain competed for oil.

  • Ideas – “Social Darwinism”.

  • Conflict – Previous wars left tensions unresolved; Balkan Wars increased instability.

  • Emotions – Fear, national pride, hatred stoked by propaganda.

    WWI to WWII

  • Militarism Returns– Hitler rebuilt the German army despite the treaty.

  • Alliances – Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) formed to oppose the Allies.

  • Nationalism – Hitler promoted German superiority and blamed others for their defeat.

  • Imperialism – Japan invaded Manchuria (1931); Germany took over Austria and Czechoslovakia.

  • Ideas (R.I.C.E.) – Fascism promoted war and conquest as good; propaganda portrayed enemies as evil.

  • Emotions (R.I.C.E.) – Fear, revenge, and pride were used by Hitler and Mussolini to justify war.

• WWII

• M.A.N.I.A

  Militarism – Germany rebuilt its military; Japan and Italy expanded their armed forces.

  Alliances – Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) vs. Allied Powers (Britain, France, USSR, U.S.).

  Nationalism – Nazi Germany promoted Aryan superiority; Japan embraced national expansion.

  Imperialism – Germany annexed Austria and invaded Czechoslovakia; Japan invaded Manchuria and China; Italy invaded Ethiopia.

  Appeasement – World leaders tried to appease Hitler (e.g., Munich Agreement, 1938

  R.I.C.E.

  Resources – Japan needed oil and raw materials.

  Ideas – Fascism, militarism, racism, anti-Semitism; Nazi ideology blamed Jews and communists.

  Conflict – Resentment over the Treaty of Versailles.

  Emotions – Fear, hatred, revenge, and desperation from the Great Depression.

  Cold War

• M.A.N.I.A

  • Militarism – U.S. and USSR built up massive armies and developed nuclear weapons.

  • Alliances – NATO (U.S. and Western allies) vs. Warsaw Pact (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe).

  • Nationalism – Both sides believed their way of life (democracy vs. communism) was superior.

  • Imperialism (Influence) – Instead of land conquest, the U.S. and USSR tried to control other nations through ideology and aid.

  • Arms Race – A race to build powerful weapons, including nuclear bombs.

• R.I.C.E

• Resources – The U.S. and USSR competed for global influence and economic control.

• Ideas – Democracy and capitalism (U.S.) vs. communism and state control (USSR).

• Conflict – Proxy wars like Korea, Afghanistan, and Vietnam were battles for influence.

• Emotions – Fear of nuclear war, hatred of the enemy, pride in national power.

• Vietnam’s War

• M.A.N.I.A

  • Militarism – The U.S. rapidly expanded its military presence in Southeast Asia to fight communism.

  • Alliances – The U.S. supported South Vietnam; the USSR and China supported North Vietnam.

  • Nationalism – Vietnamese leaders on both sides claimed to fight for independence and unification.

  • Imperialism – Vietnam had been under French colonial rule; both sides wanted control over its future.

  • Assassination – The 1963 U.S.-backed assassination of South Vietnam’s President Diem deepened instability and U.S. commitment.

• R.I.C.E

• Resources – While not a major goal, Vietnam’s location was strategic for controlling Southeast Asia.

• Ideas – Communism vs. Democracy: The U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism (containment).

• Conflict – The Cold War’s global tension exploded in Vietnam, a key battleground in the ideological war.

• Emotions – Fear of communism, pride in American power, and the Vietnamese people’s desire for independence all fueled the fight.

War on terror

• M.A.N.I.A

  • Militarism – The U.S. rapidly expanded military operations in the Middle East.

  • Alliances – The U.S. formed coalitions and worked with allies worldwide in the fight against terrorism.

  • Nationalism – 9/11 sparked a wave of American unity and patriotic support for action.

  • Ideology – The U.S. promoted democracy and freedom; terrorist groups promoted extremist religious and anti-Western views.

  • Attack – The 9/11 attacks were the spark.

• R.I.C.E

  • Resources – Oil-rich regions and strategic locations became key interests.

  • Ideas – Democracy vs. extremism; freedom vs. fear.

  • Conflict – Years of tension, U.S. involvement in the Middle East, and unresolved regional issues fueled terrorism.

  • Emotions – Fear, anger, and a desire for justice after 9/11 drove U.S. action, while many in the Middle East felt resentment and rage toward American intervention.