Chapter 15 Review
Directions: Define the terms listed below.
Ellis Island- immigration station near nj and ny harbor
Angel Island- immigration station in california
Culture Shock- uncertainty and confusion experienced when moving or travelling and seeing people do something naturally that youd deem odd or weird.
Nativism- “protecting” interests of people who were natively born in that place. (basically anti-immigrant)
Chinese Exclusion Act- absolute ten yer ban on chinese laborers from immigrating to the US
Gentleman’s Agreement- japan agreed not to issue jap citizens passports for wishing to contineu working in the US
Urbanization- making an area more urban, making cities and stuff basicllat
Row Houses- multiple houses attached in a row
Settlement Houses- houses and organizations tha gave support services for poor immigrants and other people.
Jane Addams- frontline settlement house movement leader, peace activism won her a nobel prize.
Political Machine- party organization that recruits people with money or incentives to have political control.
Graft- bribery and compensation for services when its not needed. usually a dishonest transaction to get ahead.
Kickbacks- form of negotiated bribery where bribe is paid incrementally
Tammany Hall- local political machine for democrats and helped control new york city and state politics hekping immigrants (mostly the irish)
Tweed Ring- revolved around William Tweed the “boss” and state senator that built his power through Tammany Hall
Rutherford Hayes- 19th president of the US, republican
James Garfield- 20th US president, republican
Chester Arthur- 21st president, republican
Pendleton Act -reforming civil services and established the US Civil Service COmmission
Grover Cleveland- 22nd and 24th US president, first and only pres to serve non consecutive terms, anti corruption crusader
Benjamin Harrison- 23rd president of the US, won the electoral vote over Cleveland, ninth pressys grandson (WIllian Henry Harrison)
edwin Drake: He drilled the first successful oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859, which started the modern oil industry.
Henry Bessemer: He invented a way to make steel faster and cheaper, which helped industries grow.
Uses of steel: Steel is super strong and used for making buildings, bridges, cars, and lots of other stuff.
Thomas Edison: He made the lightbulb, the phonograph, and lots of other cool stuff we still use today.
George Westinghouse: He made the railway brake and helped electricity become a big thing.
Christopher Sholes: He invented the typewriter, which changed how people write and work in offices.
Alexander Graham Bell: He invented the telephone, so people could talk to each other from far away.
Transcontinental Railroad: This big train track connected the east and west coasts of the United States.
Time Zones: They're the same time in different places to help people coordinate stuff better.
George Pullman: He made fancy train cars with beds in them for people to sleep in.
Credit Mobilier: It's a company that built railroads and got in trouble for cheating the government.
Munn v. Illinois: It's a court case that said states can make rules for certain businesses.
Interstate Commerce Act: This law made rules for fair trade between states and set up a commission to make sure they were followed.
Panic of 1893: It was a really bad time when the economy crashed and lots of people lost their jobs.
Andrew Carnegie: He was a rich guy who made lots of money in the steel industry and gave some of it away to help others.
Vertical Integration: This is when one company controls everything needed to make a product.
Horizontal Consolidation: This is when one company takes over other companies in the same industry.
Social Darwinism: It's a mean idea that says rich people are better and poor people deserve it.
Monopoly: It's when one company has all the control in a certain market.
Holding Company: It's a company that owns other companies but doesn't really do much itself.
J.P. Morgan: He was a rich banker who helped make big businesses even bigger.
John D. Rockefeller: He was super rich from owning lots of oil companies and was one of the first big businessmen.
Trust: It's when one person or company controls a bunch of other ones.
Robber Barons: They were really rich people who got that way by being mean and unfair.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act: It's a law that's supposed to stop companies from being too powerful and mean.
Samuel Gompers: He started a big labor union to help workers get better pay and treatment.
American Federation of Labor: It's a group of labor unions that work together to help workers.
Collective Bargaining: It's when workers and bosses talk and make deals about pay and stuff.
Eugene V. Debs: He helped workers fight for better treatment and started a big labor union.